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Answers
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YOUR ANSWER:
1. What were the economic conditions in Russia before 1905?
ans: The social, economic and political conditions in Russia, before 1905 was quite backward. Social inequality was very prominent among the working class. Workers were divided on the basis of their occupation. Workers whose jobs needed skill and training considered themselves on a higher plane than the untrained worker.
2. The First World War and the Russian Revolution
- 1914: First World War broke out between two European alliances-Germany, Austria
- and Turkey (the Central Powers) and France, Britain and Russia (later Italy and
- Romania).
- 1914-1916: Russian armies lost badly in Austria and Germany.
- Industries and industrial equipment disintegrated more rapidly in Russia than
- elsewhere in Europe.
- Labour shortages and small workshops producing essentials were shut down as able bodied men were called for the war.
- By 1916, riots at bread shops were common owing to the bread and flour scarcity.
- The February Revolution in Petrograd
- February, 1917: Food shortages were deeply felt in the worker’s quarters.
- The Tsar wanted to dissolve the Duma, but the revolutionaries opposed this.
- 22nd February, 1917: A lockout took place at a factory which was followed by a
- workers strike in fifty factories. Women led the strikes in many factories and this day
- came to be known as the International Women’s Day
3. The October Revolution (also called the Bolshevik Revolution) overturned the interim provisional government and established the Soviet Union.
The October Revolution was a much more deliberate event, orchestrated by a small group of people. TheBolsheviks, who led this coup, prepared their coup in only six months.
They were generally viewed as an extremist group and had very little popular support when they began serious efforts in April 1917.
By October, the Bolsheviks’ popular base was much larger; though still a minority within the country as a whole, they had built up a majority of support within Petrograd and other urban centers.
After October, the Bolsheviks realized that they could not maintain power in an election-based system without sharing power with other parties and compromising their principles.
As a result, they formally abandoned the democratic process in January 1918 and declared themselves the representatives of a dictatorship of the proletariat.
In response, the Russian Civil War broke out in the summer of that year and would last well into 1920.
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