please elaborate about BEC(bose-einstein condensate)
answer needed in more than 60 words
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Answers
SIMPLE DEFINITION :
Bose Einstein Condensate is just another State of matter which is formed when we cool a gas to extremely low temperatures reaching the absolute zero ( in Kelvin scale : 0 K and in Celsius : -273 °C ) which is too low to imagine . The Bose Einstein Condensate can be said the opposite of plasma ( the State of Matter formed due to heating at extremely high temperatures , when gases become ionized ) .
Bose Einstein Condensate was a remarkable work of collaboration between the great theoretical physicist and the greatest theoretical physicist of India (from Kolkata where , I live :P ) , that is between Albert Einstein and the great man Satyendranath Bose (who made us proud) . It's existence was proved by someone else in the end of the 20th century .
FACTS ABOUT BEC :
(1) BEC is also a super atom , or a cluster of atoms which behave exactly like one atom .
(2) The properties of BEC is that it is an ultra cooled gas close to the absolute zero temperature.
(3) Very low density gas are chosen and then cooled to extremely lowest possible temperatures to get BEC .
(4) In fact the BEC exists in the lowest energy level possible .
(5) The BEC hence helps us to find the quantised level of energy that must be present in any matter (who knows which new state may be discovered in future ) .
(6) BEC may be formed in those areas of our Universe where there has been no light entry EVER !!
(7) Bosons form BEC ( another fundamental particle ) .
CONCEPTS BEHIND BEC
We know that charge in electrons/atoms or any charge is always available in fixed amounts . This is called the phenomenon of quantisation of charge . In fact if we observe carefully , almost every fundamental thing (not in classical physics but in quantum physics) is quantized to a certain extent .
For instance , the charge of any body has to be an integral multiple of that of the charge of a quark . This is really interesting when it comes to microscopic quantum level .
Imagine an atom having energy (which is quantized upto a certain level) . What if we take all the energy from it ?
Think , think , what energy are we talking about ? Internal energy as well as heat energy off course . Now after we take out all the energy what is left behind ?
According to me , it should be a state of matter where there is the smallest existing energy possible .
The atom which has kinetic energy (quantum level microscopic movement howsoever small) , internal energy (electrostatics and others) have lost everything , every bit of energy . Now it becomes the Bose Einstein Condensate .
Hence to conclude , I will give my own definition of Bose Einstein Condensate : " The BEC is the State of Matter where motion in quantum levels cease , least possible energy is sustained by the particle ."
Answer》》》》
A Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter of a dilute gas of low densities called bosons cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero (-273.15 °C). ... This state was first predicted, generally, in 1924–1925 by Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein.