Please, explain about animals different blood types. IF YOU ANSWER ME WITH CLEAR ANSWER I WILL MARK YOU AS BRAINLIST ANSWER..........
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Blood types (or groups) are determined by specific antigens found on the surface of erythrocytes. In humans, there is the ABO system of blood types, whereas animals have a variety of different blood types.
There are 8 major blood groups in the dog, labelled as DEA (dog erythrocyte antigen) 1 to 8. These are illustrated in the table below. The major antigens are DEA 1.1 and DEA 1.2. Dogs can be positive for either (not both) DEA 1.1 or 1.2 or are negative for both. Naturally occurring antibodies occur in 20% of DEA 3-negative, 10% of DEA 5-negative, and 20-50% of DEA 7-negative dogs. New blood groups in dogs are being detected, including those in Dalmations (Dal) (Blias et al 2007) and Kai-1 (IgM) and 2 (IgG)
Cattle: There are 11 major blood group systems in cattle, A, B, C, F, J, L, M, R, S, T and Z. The B group has over 60 different antigens, making it difficult to closely match donor and recipient. The J antigen is a lipid that is found in body fluids and is adsorbed onto erythrocytes (therefore, it is not a “true” antigen). Newborn calves lack this antigen, acquiring it in the first 6 months of life. Some animals have only a small amount of J antigen on erythrocytes and none in serum; these so-called “J-negative” animals can develop antibodies against the J-antigen and develop transfusion reactions if transfused with J-positive blood. Neonatal isoerythrolysis is not a naturally occurring phenomenon in cattle. Bouts of NI have occurred secondary to blood-derived vaccines (e.g. against anaplasmosis, babesiosis). The most common antigens that cattle were sensitized to were the A and F systems.
Sheep: Seven blood group systems have been identified in sheep (A, B, C, D, M, R and X). Similar to cattle, the B system is highly polymorphic. The R system is similar to the J system in cattle, in that the antigen is soluble. The M-L system is involved in active red cell potassium transport and polymorphisms in this system result in breeds of sheep with varying erythrocyte potassium content. Neonatal isoerythrolysis has been reported in lambs administered bovine colostrum. This is due to the presence of antibodies to sheep erythrocytes in bovine colostrum (called “heterophile” antibodies), which is a common occurrence. They are antibodies produced to common cross-reactive antigens present on the surface of bacteria and protozoa that are identical to epitopes on blood group antigens.
Goats: Blood group antigens in goats are similar to those in sheep and the same reagents are used to type both species. Five major systems have been identified in goats; A, B, C, M and J (the latter is also a soluble antigen like in cattle).
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