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Answers
Important note: If Sₙ1 mechanism takes place, the group leaves first, forming a carbocation, which must be stable, and then the negative reagent (nucleophile) attacks the positively charged carbocation
If Sₙ2 mechanism takes place, The nucleophile attacks at the back side of the compound, due to the already negative charge or lone pairs of electrons that repel the nucleophile
options b) forms vinyl carbocation, which is highly unstable and c) is an unstable bridged compound, so they have very less to no reactivity towards both Sₙ1 and Sₙ2
option a) (chloro benzene) requires an enormous temperature (about 623K) nad a very high pressure (300 atm) and then, reacts in Sₙ2 mechanism. This process is famously known as the Dow's process. It doesn't undergo Sₙ1 mechanism for the following reasons:
1) Resonance
2) partial double bond character in chlorine
3) steric factor
4) Instability of the phenyl carbocation
option d) easily reacts in Sₙ2 mechanism, and takes a lot of time to complete the reaction in Sₙ1 mechanism
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