Question

please explain the counter current mechanism in our nephrons..??? please....

Answer 1

Higher vertebrates have evolved a counter current mechanism to create hypertonic urine for conserving body water, so necessary for land life.Henle’s loop and capillary loop play an important role in this mechanism. Glomerular fluid in the Henle’s loop and the blood in the vasa recta flow in opposite directions in the two descending limb and toward the renal cortex in the ascending limb. These two counter current systems help in concentrating urine by maintaining high salt concentration around the nephrons and collecting ducts.Kidneys also play a role in osmoregulation, i.e., maintenance of water and Na+ contents of blood. This is achieved by countercurrent mechanism in the loop of Henle and by the action of antidiuretic hormone from posterior pituitary gland of brain and another hormone aldosterone from the adrenal gland.

 

The vasa recta bring blood supply at a very slow rate. It consists of a descending limb and an ascending limb. Vasa recta are also known as the straight arteries of the kidney. Counter-current mechanism first takes place in the region of the nephron called Henle's loop. The two limbs of Henle's loop are counter-current and these tubes are parallel and adjacent.Then it occurs in a region of the peritubular capillary bed called the 'vasa recta'. The two limbs of the vasa recta are counter-current and these tubes are parallel and adjacent. Both are involved in establishing an osmotic gradient throughout this region.

 

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Answer 2

The counter-current mechanism

Explanation:

• The counter-current mechanism working inside the kidney is the main adaptation to conserve water. There are two reversible mechanisms inside the kidney. They are the Henle loop and the vasa recta.

• The Henle loop is the U-shaped part of the nephron. Blood flows in opposite directions in both the parts of the tube and this produces opposite currents.

• The vasa recta is an efferent arteriole that forms a capillary network around the tubules inside the renal medulla.

• It runs parallel to the loop of Henle and is U-shaped. Blood flows in opposite directions in the two organs of the vasa recta.

• As a result, the blood entering the renal medulla in the descending limb comes into close contact with the outgoing blood in the ascending limb.