Please explain the Periodic table of elements.( more than 100 words)
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LEARNING OBJECTIVE
Use the periodic table to identify atom properties such as groups and electron configurations.
KEY POINTS
Elements are organized by period and group, with the period corresponding to the principle energy level, and the group relating to the extent the subshells are filled.
The properties of an atom relate directly to the number of electrons in various orbitals, and the periodic table is much like a road map among those orbitals such that chemical properties can be deduced by the position of an element on the table.
The electrons in the outermost or valence shell are especially important because they can engage in the sharing and exchange that is responsible for chemical reactions.
TERMS
quantum number
One of certain integers or half-integers that specify the state of a quantum mechanical system (such as an electron in an atom).
electron shell
The collective states of all electrons in an atom having the same principal quantum number (visualized as an orbit in which the electrons move).
orbital
A specification of the energy and probability density of an electron at any point in an atom or molecule.
The periodic table is a tabular display of the chemical elements organized on the basis of their atomic numbers, electron configurations, and chemical properties. Elements are presented in increasing atomic number. The main body of the table is a 18 × 7 grid. Elements with the same number of valence electrons are kept together in groups, such as the halogens and the noble gases. There are four distinct rectangular areas or blocks. The f-block is usually not included in the main table, but rather is floated below, as an inline f-block would often make the table impractically wide. Using periodic trends, the periodic table can help predict the properties of various elements and the relations between properties. It therefore provides a useful framework for analyzing chemical behavior and is widely used in chemistry and other sciences.
Use the periodic table to identify atom properties such as groups and electron configurations.
KEY POINTS
Elements are organized by period and group, with the period corresponding to the principle energy level, and the group relating to the extent the subshells are filled.
The properties of an atom relate directly to the number of electrons in various orbitals, and the periodic table is much like a road map among those orbitals such that chemical properties can be deduced by the position of an element on the table.
The electrons in the outermost or valence shell are especially important because they can engage in the sharing and exchange that is responsible for chemical reactions.
TERMS
quantum number
One of certain integers or half-integers that specify the state of a quantum mechanical system (such as an electron in an atom).
electron shell
The collective states of all electrons in an atom having the same principal quantum number (visualized as an orbit in which the electrons move).
orbital
A specification of the energy and probability density of an electron at any point in an atom or molecule.
The periodic table is a tabular display of the chemical elements organized on the basis of their atomic numbers, electron configurations, and chemical properties. Elements are presented in increasing atomic number. The main body of the table is a 18 × 7 grid. Elements with the same number of valence electrons are kept together in groups, such as the halogens and the noble gases. There are four distinct rectangular areas or blocks. The f-block is usually not included in the main table, but rather is floated below, as an inline f-block would often make the table impractically wide. Using periodic trends, the periodic table can help predict the properties of various elements and the relations between properties. It therefore provides a useful framework for analyzing chemical behavior and is widely used in chemistry and other sciences.
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