Question

Please explain this diagram in english....

Answer 1

Answer:

Explanation:

• This diagram specify the role of two hormones released from the pancreas to regulate blood sugar.
• The endocrine pancreas consists of ‘Islets of Langerhans’
• The two main types of cells in the Islet of Langerhans are called
• α-cells and β-cells. The α-cells secrete a hormone called glucagon, while the β-cells secrete insulin.
• Glucagon is a peptide hormone, and plays an important role in maintaining the normal blood glucose levels.
• Glucagon acts mainly on the liver cells (hepatocytes) and stimulates glycogenolysis resulting in an increased blood sugar (hyperglycemia).
• In addition, this hormone stimulates the process of gluconeogenesis which also contributes to hyperglycemia.
• Glucagon reduces the cellular glucose uptake and utilisation. Thus, glucagon is a hyperglycemic hormone.
• Insulin is a peptide hormone, which plays a major role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis.
• Insulin acts mainly on hepatocytes and adipocytes (cells of adipose tissue), and enhances cellular glucose uptake and utilisation.
• As a result, there is a rapid movement of glucose from blood to hepatocytes and adipocytes resulting in decreased blood glucose levels (hypoglycemia).
• Insulin also stimulates conversion of glucose to glycogen (glycogenesis) in the target cells.
• The glucose homeostasis in blood is thus maintained jointly by the two – insulin and glucagons.
• liver also converts glycogen to glucose and visa versa.