Question

please give me answer that is very important for me write all radicals
​

Answer 1

Answer:

Valency Radical Symbol

Monovalent Hydroxyl or hydroxide OH

Fluoride F F –

Chloride Cl Cl –

Bromide Br Br –

Answer 2

Answer:

What is the importance of radicals?

Radicals play important roles in biology. Many of these are necessary for life, such as the intracellular killing of bacteria by phagocytic cells such as granulocytes and macrophages. Radicals are involved in cell signaling processes, known as redox signaling.

Uses of Free Radicals

These highly reactive structures are present in the membranes of cells of damaging biologically relePeroxynitritees such as DNA, lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates, etc.

The free radicals attack important macromolecules which leads to cell damage and homeostatic disruption such as proteins, nucleic acids, etc.

Generally, alkyl halides or aryl halides are used as radical precursors for R or Ar however halogenation of sugars and nucleosides which have many OH groups and other delicate functional groups is rather difficult.

Barton Mccombie reaction is very useful for the radical reactions in sugars nucleosides and peptides.

Other thiocarbonyl derivatives formed from alcohols with phenoxythiocarbonyl chloride, diimidazole, etc can also be used instead of methyl xanthate.

Explanation:

Examples of Free Radicals

• Superoxide anion radical.
• Hydrogen peroxide.
• Hypochlorite.
• Nitric oxide radical.
• Peroxynitrite radical.

Sources of Free Radicals

Free radicals are generated internally through the following sources.

• Mitochondria
• Inflammation
• Exercise
• Phagocytosis
• Peroxisomes

Free radicals are found externally in the following sources.

• Environmental pollution
• Cigarette smoke
• Radiation
• Drugs and pesticides
• Ozone layer

Can someone give thanks?