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Answers
Answer:
Q.15.
(a) Sensory neurons carry signals from the outer parts of your body (periphery) into the central nervous system. Sensory neurons have dendrites on both ends, connected by a long axon with a cell body in the middle. .
(b) Motor neurons (motoneurons) carry signals from the central nervous system to the outer parts (muscles, skin, glands) of your body. Motor neurons that control muscle contractions have a cell body on one end, a long axon in the middle and dendrites on the other end.
(c)The spinal cord is essentially the headquarters of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). It is responsible for the transmission of information between the PNS and the central nervous system (CNS). Curiously, with the spinal cord alone, many autonomic functions and even voluntary movements can occur. Not all actions of the body necessarily need the brain to be carried out! Within the spinal cord are nerve tracts that carry sensory information to regulate motor control. These nerve tracts even play a role in consciousness and awareness.
Q.16.
(a) cell body
(b) dendrites
(c) synapse
Q.17. Phototropism is the growth of an organism in response to a light stimulus. Phototropism is most often observed in plants, but can also occur in other organisms such as fungi. The cells on the plant that are farthest from the light have a chemical called auxin that reacts when phototropism occurs. This causes the plant to have elongated cells on the furthest side from the light. Phototropism is one of the many plant tropisms or movements which respond to external stimuli. Growth towards a light source is called positive phototropism, while growth away from light is called negative phototropism (skototropism). Most plant shoots exhibit positive phototropism, and rearrange their chloroplasts in the leaves to maximize photosynthetic energy and promote growth. Some vine shoot tips exhibit negative phototropism, which allows them to grow towards dark, solid objects and climb them. The combination of phototropism and gravitropism allow plants to grow in the correct direction
Q.18.
(a) Growth hormone
(b) Insulin
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