Question

Please give me notes on diversity in living organism class 9​

Answer 1

Answer:

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Introduction to Taxonomy :-

• Diversity

Diversity is the presence of different organisms in the same ecosystem or geographical location.

Diversity gives a chance for a more balanced ecosystem.

• Evolution

Evolution is the slow process by which the organisms change according to the needs to survive the environment around them.

Evolution leads to the formation of new organisms and more diversity in the ecosystem.

• Charles Darwin

Charles Darwin was an English biologist and a naturalist.

He travelled on HMS Beagle to Galapagos Island in South America.

Using his observation, he proposed the theory of evolution in his book On the Origin of Species.

• Taxonomy

Taxonomy is the branch of science that deals with the classification of organisms.

Answer 2

Answer:

Kingdom

A kingdom is the highest level of classification which consists of a number of phyla or divisions(in case of plants) with similar characteristics.

Phylum/Division

Phylum/Division is a level of classification which consists of a number of classes with similar characteristics.

Class

A class is the level of classification which consists of a number of orders with similar characteristics.

Order

An order is the level of classification which consists of a number of families with similar characteristics.

Family

A family is the level of classification which consists a number of Genus with similar characteristics.

Genus

Genus is the level of classification which consists of a number of species with similar characteristics.

Species

Species is the level of classification which consists of a number of organisms with similar characteristics and can interbreed to give rise to a fertile offspring.

Hierarchy_of_classification

Hierarchy of Classification

Nomenclature

Carolus Linnaeus

Carolus Linnaeus is a Swedish botanist and physician who also called ‘Father of taxonomy‘.

He introduced the Binomial nomenclature and laid the ground rules which paved way for modern taxonomy.

Binomial Nomenclature

Binomial Nomenclature was introduced by Linnaeus as a method of naming organisms in taxonomy.

It consists of two parts.

The first part is the Genus name which is written in capital.

The second part is the species name, which is not capitalised.

To know more about Taxonomy Nomenclature, visit here.

Five Kingdom Classification

5 Kingdom classification

5 Kingdom classification is the most accepted system of classification given by R.H.Whittaker.

This classification solved most of the issues in taxonomy related to the placement of bacteria and fungi.

The 5 kingdoms are Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.

To know more about Five Kingdom Classification, visit here.

Kingdom Monera

Monera

All the prokaryotic organisms are placed in this Kingdom.

Bacteria and their ancient cousin, archaebacteria are the organisms that makeup Kingdom Monera.

These are prokaryotic, unicellular, autotrophic/heterotrophic organisms.

Bacteria have a cell wall made up of polysaccharides.