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Global warmingis the rise in the average temperature of Earth's atmosphere and oceans since the late 19th century and its projected continuation. Since the early 20th century, Earth's mean surface temperature has increased by about 0.8C (1.4F), with about two-thirds of the increase occurring since 1980.Warming of theclimate systemis unequivocal, and scientists are 95-100% certain that it is primarily caused by increasing concentrations ofgreen house gasesproduced by human activities such as the burning offossil fuelsanddeforestation.These findings are recognized by the national science academies of all major industrialized nations.
Climate modelprojections were summarized in the 2007Fourth Assessment Report(AR4) by theIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC). They indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 1.1 to 2.9C (2.0 to 5.2F) for their lowestemissions scenarioand 2.4 to 6.4C (4.3 to 11.5F) for their highest.The ranges of these estimates arise from the use of models with differingsensitivity to greenhouse gas concentrations.
Future climate change and associated impacts will vary fromregion to regionaround the globe.Theeffectsof an increase in global temperature include arise in sea levelsand a change in the amount and pattern ofprecipitation, as well as a probable expansion ofsubtropicaldeserts.Warming is expected to bestrongest in the Arctic, with the continuingretreat of glaciers,permafrostandsea ice. Other likely effects of the warming include more frequentextreme weatherevents includingheat waves, droughts and heavy rainfall;ocean acidification; andspecies extinctionsdue to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat tofood securityfrom decreasing crop yields and theloss of habitatfrom inundation.
Climate modelprojections were summarized in the 2007Fourth Assessment Report(AR4) by theIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC). They indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 1.1 to 2.9C (2.0 to 5.2F) for their lowestemissions scenarioand 2.4 to 6.4C (4.3 to 11.5F) for their highest.The ranges of these estimates arise from the use of models with differingsensitivity to greenhouse gas concentrations.
Future climate change and associated impacts will vary fromregion to regionaround the globe.Theeffectsof an increase in global temperature include arise in sea levelsand a change in the amount and pattern ofprecipitation, as well as a probable expansion ofsubtropicaldeserts.Warming is expected to bestrongest in the Arctic, with the continuingretreat of glaciers,permafrostandsea ice. Other likely effects of the warming include more frequentextreme weatherevents includingheat waves, droughts and heavy rainfall;ocean acidification; andspecies extinctionsdue to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat tofood securityfrom decreasing crop yields and theloss of habitatfrom inundation.
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