Please give the long question answers (not brief) for Chapter 2 'MICROORGANISMS FRIEND AND FOE' Of DAV School
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Useful Microorganisms :
Following are a few examples of useful microorganisms:
Extensively used in the baking industry to make cakes, bread, pastry etc.
Used in the production of milk products. Example: Lactobacillus bacteria is used in the formation of curd from milk
Since ages, microbes are being used in the production of alcohol
It is also used to make organic acids. Acids such as citric acid, lactic acid, fumaric acid, gluconic acids are made using microbial activity
Used in the production of steroids
Antibiotics are produced using microorganisms
Used in the production of vitamins: Vitamins such as Vitamin B complex, Riboflavin is produced by Ashbya gossypii, Eremothecium ashbyii and Clostridium bytyricum. Ascorbic acid, also known as Vitamin C is produced by species of Acetobacter
Microorganisms synthesize enzymes such as Lipase, Lactase, Amylase, Pectinase, Penicillinase.
They increase the fertility of the soil and by fixing nitrogen
Help in the treatment of sewage
Extensively used to clean up our environment
Used in pest control
Harmful Microorganisms :
The microorganisms that cause diseases in living beings are known as pathogens.
The pathogens can enter our bodies through air, water and food.
Some pathogens are transmitted directly from an infected person.
The diseases which are transmitted by an infected person directly or indirectly are known as communicable diseases. For eg., common cold, tuberculosis, etc.
Microorganisms also grow on food and spoil it. That is why preservatives are added in the food to prevent it from spoilage.