Please give the names of 20 acids,bases and salts along with their chemical formula.
Answers
Salts are ionic compounds which contain positively charged cations and negatively charged anions. During salt formation cation is coming from base and anion is coming from acid.
Example: In Sodium chloride (NaCl) formation cation sodium is coming from sodium hydroxide and anion chlorine is coming from hydrochloric acid.
Classification of salts:
Based on nature the salts have been classified into different types. They are:
Normal salts
Acidic salts
Basic salts
Double salts
Complex salts
Normal salts:
These salts are formed by the complete replacement of hydrogen in acids by other metal cations from the bases.
NaCl is normal salt formed by the reaction of HCl with NaOH.
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O
Acidic salts:
Salts which are formed by the partial replacement of hydrogens atoms of acids are called acidic salts.
Example:
NaHSO4 is formed when partial replacement of hydrogen atoms by the sodium atoms of base.
H2SO4 + NaOH → NaHSO4 + H2O
In general these salts formed when the reacted base is not sufficient for the neutralisation of acid.
Basic salts:
Salts which are formed by the partial replacement of hydroxyl group are called basic salts.
Example:
Ca(OH)Cl is formed by the partial replacement of hydroxide group from Ca(OH)2 by chloride ions of acid.
Ca(OH)2 + HCl → Ca(OH)Cl + H2O
In general these salts formed when the reacted acid is not sufficient for the neutralisation of base.
Formula Acid Name Salt Name Formula Acid Name Salt NameH2SO3
Sulfurous Acid Sulfite
H2SO4
Sulfuric Acid Sulfate
H2SO2
Hyposulfurous Acid Hyposulfite
H2SO5
Persulfuric AcidPersulfate
H2S2O7
Pyrosulfuric Acid Pyrosulfate
H2S2O5
Disulfurous Acid Disulfite
H2S2O4
Dithionous Acid Dithionite
H2S4O6
Tetrathionic Acid Tetrathionate
H2S2O2
Thiosulfurous Acid Thiosulfite
H2S
Hydrosulfuric Acid Hydrosulfate
H2S2O8
Peroxydisulfuric Acid Peroxydisulfate
HClO4
Perchloric Acid Perchlorate
HCl
Hydrochloric Acid Hydrochlorate
HClO
Hypochlorous Acid Hypochlorite
HClO2
Chlorous Acid Chlorite
HClO3
Chloric Acid Chlorate
HNO
Hyponitrous Acid Hyponitrite
HNO2
Nitrous Acid Nitrite
HNO3
Nitric Acid Nitrate
HNO4
Pernitric Acid Pernitrate
H2CO2
Carbonous Acid Carbonite
H2CO3
Carbonic Acid Carbonate
H2CO
Hypocarbonous Acid Hypocarbonite
H2CO4
Percarbonic Acid Percarbonate
H2C2O4
Oxalic Acid Oxalate
CH3COOH
Acetic Acid Acetate
H3PO4
Phosphoric Acid Phosphate
H3PO3
Phosphorous Acid Phosphite
H3PO2
Hypophosphous Acid Hypophosphite
H3PO5
Perphosphoric Acid Perphosphate
H4P2O6
Hypophosphoric Acid Hypophosphate
H4P2O7
Pyrophosphoric Acid Pyrophosphate
H3P
Hydrophosphoric Acid Hydrophosphate
HBr
Hydrobromic Acid Hydrobromate
HBrO2
Bromous Acid Bromite
HBrO3
Bromic Acid Bromate
HBrO
Hypobromous Acid Hypobromite
HIO
Hypoiodous Acid Hypoiodite
HIO2
Iodous Acid Iodite
HIO3
Iodic Acid Iodate
HIO4
Periodic Acid Periodate
HI
Hydroiodic Acid Hydroiodate
HFO2
luorous Acid luorite
HFO3
luoric Acid luorate
HFO
Hypofluorous Acid Hypofluorite
HFO4
Perfluoric Acid Perfluorate
HF
Hydrofluoric Hydrofluorate
H2CrO4
Chromic Acid Chromate
NameFormula
Aluminum HydroxideAl(OH)3
Ammonium HydroxideNH4OH
Arsenic HydroxideAs(OH)3
Barium HydroxideBa(OH)2
Beryllium HydroxideBe(OH)2
Bismuth(III) HydroxideBi(OH)3
Boron HydroxideB(OH)3
Cadmium HydroxideCd(OH)2
Calcium HydroxideCa(OH)2
Cerium(III) HydroxideCe(OH)3
Cesium HydroxideCsOH
Chromium(II) HydroxideCr(OH)2
Chromium(III) HydroxideCr(OH)3
Chromium(V) HydroxideCr(OH)5
Chromium(VI) HydroxideCr(OH)6
Cobalt(II) HydroxideCo(OH)2
Cobalt(III) HydroxideCo(OH)3
Copper(I) HydroxideCuOH
Copper(II) HydroxideCu(OH)2
Gallium(II) HydroxideGa(OH)2
Gallium(III) HydroxideGa(OH)3
Gold(I) HydroxideAuOH
Gold(III) HydroxideAu(OH)3
Indium(I) HydroxideInOH
Indium(II) HydroxideIn(OH)2
Indium(III) HydroxideIn(OH)3
Iridium(III) HydroxideIr(OH)3
Iron(II) HydroxideFe(OH)2
Iron(III) HydroxideFe(OH)3
Lanthanum HydroxideLa(OH)3
Lead(II) HydroxidePb(OH)2
Lead(IV) HydroxidePb(OH)4
Lithium HydroxideLiOH
Magnesium HydroxideMg(OH)2
Manganese(II) HydroxideMn(OH)2
Manganese(III) HydroxideMn(OH)3
Manganese(IV) HydroxideMn(OH)4
Manganese(VII) HydroxideMn(OH)7
Mercury(I) HydroxideHg2(OH)2
Mercury(II) HydroxideHg(OH)2
Molybdenum HydroxideMo(OH)3
Neodymium HydroxideNd(OH)3
Nickel Oxo-hydroxideNiOOH
Nickel(II) HydroxideNi(OH)2
Nickel(III) HydroxideNi(OH)3
Niobium HydroxideNb(OH)3
Osmium(IV) HydroxideOs(OH)4
Palladium(II) HydroxidePd(OH)2
Palladium(IV) HydroxidePd(OH)4
Platinum(II) HydroxidePt(OH)2
Platinum(IV) HydroxidePt(OH)4
Plutonium(IV) HydroxidePu(OH)4
Potassium HydroxideKOH
Radium HydroxideRa(OH)2
Rubidium HydroxideRbOH
Ruthenium(III) HydroxideRu(OH)3
Scandium HydroxideSc(OH)3
Silicon HydroxideSi(OH)4
Silver HydroxideAgOH
Sodium HydroxideNaOH
Strontium HydroxideSr(OH)2
Tantalum(V) HydroxideTa(OH)5
Technetium(II) HydroxideTc(OH)2
Tetramethylammonium HydroxideC4H12NOH
Thallium(I) HydroxideTlOH
Thallium(III) HydroxideTl(OH)3
Thorium HydroxideTh(OH)4
Tin(II) HydroxideSn(OH)2
Tin(IV) HydroxideSn(OH)4
Titanium(II) HydroxideTi(OH)2
Titanium(III) HydroxideTi(OH)3
Titanium(IV) HydroxideTi(OH)4
Tungsten(II) HydroxideW(OH)2
Uranyl Hydroxide(UO2)2(OH)4
Vanadium(II) HydroxideV(OH)2
Vanadium(III) HydroxideV(OH)3
Vanadium(V) HydroxideV(OH)5
Ytterbium HydroxideYb(OH)3
Yttrium HydroxideY(OH)3
Zinc HydroxideZn(OH)2
Zirconium HydroxideZr(OH)4
1. CaSO4.2H2O (CALCIUM SULPHATE DIHYDRATE / GYPSUM)
2. CuSO4.5H2O (COPPER SULPHATE PENTAHYDRATE)
3. Na2CO3.10H2O (WASHING SODA / SODIUM CARBONATE DECAHYDRATE)
4.baking soda
sodium hydrogen carbonate
sodium bicarbonate
NaHCO3
5.bleach (liquid)
sodium hypochlorite or
hydrogen peroxide
NaClO
H2O2
bleach (solid)
sodium perborate
NaBO3
6.Borax
sodium tetraborate decahydrate
Na2B4O7.10 H2O
7.brimstone
sulfur
S
8.cream of tartar
potassium hydrogen tartrate
KHC4H4O6
9.Epsom salt
magnesium sulfate heptahydrate
MgSO4.7 H2O
10.Freon
10.
dichlorodifluoromethane
CF2Cl2
hope helped...