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1) In order to specify the exact color of a star, astronomers normally measure a star's apparent brightness through filters, each of which transmits only the light from a particular narrow band of wavelengths (colors). ... The brightness measured through each filter is usually expressed in magnitudes.
2) In other words, a 1st-magnitude star is 100 times brighter than a 6th-magnitude star – or conversely, a 6th-magnitude star is 100 times dimmer than a 1st-magnitude star. The fifth root of 100 approximately equals 2.512, so a difference of one magnitude corresponds to a brightness factor of about 2.512 times.
3) The surface temperature of a star determines the color of light it emits. Blue stars are hotter than yellow stars, which are hotter than red stars.
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