Question

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Answer 1

Answer:

1) Na - 1s²2s²2p6 3s¹-k

2)P-1s²2s²2p6 3s²3p³-N

3) S-1s²2s²2p6 3s²3p⁴-O

4) F-1s²2s²2p5-Cl

Answer 2

Configurations (did it in 2 ways):

1. Shell wise:

(Old one, not very useful)

• Sodium - 2,8,1
• Phosphorous - 2, 8, 5
• Sulphur - 2, 8, 6
• Flourine - 2, 7

2. Orbital wise:

(This one help understand the bond and properties better.)

• Sodium : $1 {s}^{2} 2 {s}^{2} 2 {p}^{6} 3 {s}^{2}$

• Phosphorous : $1 {s}^{2} 2 {s}^{2} 2 {p}^{6}3 {s}^{2} 3 {p}^{3}$
• Sulphur: $1 {s}^{2} 2 {s}^{2} 2 {p}^{6}3 {s}^{2} 3 {p}^{4}$
• Flourine : $1 {s}^{2} 2 {s}^{2} 2 {p}^{5}$

Element in same group:

• K
• N
• O
• Cl

Explanation:

• She wise electron filling each shell takes place as per the rule of $2 {n}^{2}$where n is the number of shell.
• While filling orbitals Hund's rule, Afbau's principle and pauli's principle must be kept in mind.
• Element belonging to same group have same number of electrons in valency (last) shell.