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Answer:
1.✌️STP is a standard reference point of temperature and pressure, used when measuring gases...
2.✌️Boyle's law states that "at constant temperature the volume of a given mass of a dry gas is inversely proportional to its pressure"...
3.✌️charle's law states that "the volume of a fixed mass of a gas is directly proportional to the temperatur.."
4.✌️Avogadro's law states that "equal volumes of all gases, at the same temperature and pressure, have the same number of molecules"...
5.✌️Gay-Lussac's Law states that "the pressure of a given mass of gas varies directly with the absolute temperature of the gas, when the volume is kept constant"..
6.✌️An ideal gas is defined as one in which all collisions between atoms or molecules are perfectly eleastic and in which there are no intermolecular attractive forces....
7.✌️Pressure has units of N/m^2.
Volume has units of m^3.
8.✌️For pure water, the boiling point is 100°=correspond to 273.15°K
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b) 1. stp is meant by standard temperature and pressure in which generally STP most commonly is used when performing calculations on gases, such as gas density. The standard temperature is 273 K (0° Celsius or 32° Fahrenheit) and the standard pressure is 1 atm pressure.
2. Boyle's law, also referred to as the Boyle-Mariotte law, or Mariotte's law, is an experimental gas law that describes how the pressure of a gas tends to increase as the volume of the container decreases.
3. Charles's law is an experimental gas law that describes how gases tend to expand when heated. A modern statement of Charles's law is: When the pressure on a sample of a dry gas is held constant, the Kelvin temperature and the volume will be in direct proportion.
4. Avogadro's law is an experimental gas law relating the volume of a gas to the amount of substance of gas present. The law is a specific case of the ideal gas law. A modern statement is - Avogadro's law states that "equal volumes of all gases, at the same temperature and pressure, have the same number of molecules."
5. Gay-Lussac's Law states that the pressure of a given mass of gas varies directly with the absolute temperature of the gas, when the volume is kept constant.
6. A hypothetical gas whose molecules occupy negligible space and have no interactions, and which consequently obeys the gas laws exactly.
7. SI unit of pressure is Pascal and si unit of volume is metere cube.
8. 373.1339 K
2) 1. Relation with kinetic theory and ideal gases. Boyle's law states that at constant temperature for a fixed mass, the absolute pressure and the volume of a gas are inversely proportional. The law can also be stated in a slightly different manner, that the product of absolute pressure and volume is always constant.
2. Charle's Law states that at constant pressure, the volume of a gas increases or decreases by the same factor as its temperature. This can be written as V1 / T1 = V2 / T2. According to Kinetic Molecular Theory, an increase in temperature will increase the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
3. For a confined, constant volume of gas, the ratio P / T is therefore constant (i.e. P / T = k ). If the gas is initially in “Condition 1” (with P = P1 and T = T1), and then changes to “Condition 2” (with P = P2 and T = T2), we have that P1 / T1 = k and P2 / T2 = k, which reduces to P1 / T1 = P2 / T2. This equation is useful for pressure-temperature calculations for a confined gas at constant volume. Note that temperatures must be on the kelvin scale for any gas law calculations (0 on the kelvin scale and the lowest possible temperature is called absolute zero). (Also note that there are at least three ways we can describe how the pressure of a gas changes as its temperature changes: We can use a table of values, a graph, or a mathematical equation.)
4. At constant temperature the pv relation will be constant. The pv versus p graph will be a straight line parallel to x axis. Looking at the graph, it is seen that at constant temperature the pv vs p plot is not a straight line for real gases. There is significant deviation from the ideal behavior.
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