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Write an essay in 500 words on:
"ROBOTICS AND INDIAN DEFENCE SYSTEM"
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Answers
Ever since human beings started use of weapons to fight, technology started playing greater and greater roles in successive wars. Technology was always aimed to be used by warring parties to enhance their capabilities and effectiveness. The growth of technology made the weapons more lethal and effective and created options for warriors to use weapons even from farther distances. Each new military technology, from the bow and arrow to the bomber plane to unmanned vehicle has moved soldiers farther and farther from their foes.
Since the beginnings of civilization man has had a fascination for a human-like creation that would assist him. Societies in the early part of the first millennium engaged in slavery and used those slaves to perform the tasks which were either dirty or menial. Having slaves freed, the enslavers concentrated on what they perceived as more important tasks such as business and politics. Man had discovered mechanics and the means of creating complex mechanisms which would perform repetitive functions such as water wheels and pumps. Technological advances were slow but there were more complex machines, generally limited to a very small number, which performed great functions.
Electronics became the driving force of development instead of mechanics with the advent of the first electronic autonomous robots created by William Grey Walter in Bristol, England in 1948. The first digital and programmable robot was invented by George Devol in 1954 and was ultimately called the ‘Unimate’. Devol sold the first Unimate to General Motors in 1960 where it was used to lift pieces of hot metal from die casting machines in a plant in Trenton, New Jersey [1] . Since then we have seen robots finally reach a more true assimilation of all technologies to produce robots such as ASIMO which can walk and move like a human. Robots have replaced role of slaves in the assistance of performing those repetitive and dangerous tasks which humans prefer not to do or unable to do due to its own limitations or external constraints.
With the development of the General Atomics MQ-1 Predator, robotic weapons came of age. The operations of this Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) in Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Northern Africa in the last few years have given us a glimpse of the future of high tech war. Perhaps more importantly, it is likely that in future wars, decisions about when weapons are fired and who they are fired at may increasingly be in the hands of machines. Finally, it is a future that is likely to come about not because it represents a better, less destructive, way of fighting war but because the dynamics driving the development of unmanned weapon systems (UMS) are likely to dictate that they be used more often in more and more roles. Now that we have had a glimpse of this future, it is time to begin thinking about the dynamics of development and deployment of robotic weapons and its effect on warfare.
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Answer:
Robotics and Artificial Intelligence (AI) is combination of technology and cognitive intelligence for simulation, processing of information and knowledge to build capability in a machine to imitate human behaviour. It is a transformative technology that has tremendous applications in the social, economic and military fields. Till some time back we had robots operated by a human or through a set of programming to perform repetitive task. The technology is already present in many sectors of economy, such as mapping technologies, hand writing recognition for mail delivery, financial trading, surveillance, target acquisition, smart vehicles, ammunition, robots performing numerous industrial, medical and military tasks. Some of the common functions performed as on date are:-
Pizza delivery Drones
Play stations game
Self driven cars
Food served by robots in restaurants.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Unmanned Petrol Pumps
Unmanned Sea Vehicles,
Robots undertaking industrial activities
Complex issues like surgery in hospitals.
Looking at its indispensable use and growing need, Indian Commerce and Industry has recently constituted a Task Force on Artificial Intelligence (AI) for India's economic transformation.
Robotics in Defence
The development in defence technology and the geo-political environments necessitates increased defence spending year by year due to the requirement for weapons and arms. However, the recent trend to replace the convention equipment by robots smart and intelligent machines that learns by observation, trial and error to enhance operational efficiency, are providing cost effective alternative.
AI can provide multiple options for military applications for a strategic, operational and tactical level planning in many of the functions (Refer Fig-Functions)
Emerging Trend in AI
The next level would be the Robotics with Artificial Intelligence. The future war systems could be dominated by unmanned systems. Artificial Intelligence and Robotics shall have the following applications:-
Image interpretation for target identification and classification.
Expert systems for diagnosis and maintenance of sophisticated weapon systems such as radars and missiles.
Robotic equipment can be used to provide precision targeting support and carriage of ammunition and accuracy.
Camera equipped and shock-resistant platforms to provide fire power remotely are also possible applications.
Systems for diagnosis and maintenance of sophisticated weapon systems.
Missile target range and trajectory analysis for evaluation of kill zones, launch time and simulation to assist in qualifying missile performance in various environments.
Enhanced use of robots for Anti Improvised Explosive Device, extraction of personnel, firing of guns and other applications.
Private sector
Robotics and Artificial intelligence in defence can be a new potential sector for the private players. Till now private sector have been focused primarily in making Robots for consumer goods market. Making products for the defence can also have a dual use.There are organization into making Robots of various kind, some of these are TAL manufacturing solution limited, PARI Robotics, Hi-Tech Robotics, KUKA Robotics, Robosoft Systems, Serial Innovations, Fanuc Corporation, Idea Forge amongst others.
Additionally, there are some foreign companies who are in development of this technology. Some specific examples being:-
Uran-9, atracked armored vehicle controlled remotely by an operator equipped with 2A72 30-millimeter cannon with a rate of fire of 350 to 400 rounds per minute and can shoot high explosive incendiary and armor-piercing ammunition.
The Kalashnikov is likely to begin serial production of a new combat module using NeuroNet by next year. 'NeuroNet' is an artificial neural network, which allows the module to identify targets, learn and make decisions on its own.
A Swedish Maritime Robotics Center is developing the underwater systems of tomorrow.
Wrapping up
Adopting the latest technology can offer huge benefits in combat and defence. Artificial intelligence technology helping equipment to work smart through experiences. On the flip side, Technology can be a serious threat many a times, as machines are not smart enough to differentiate between good or bad. They will cut the manpower and the way we work, making us sluggish and over dependent on them. Additionally, it cannot fight the situation which is new and has no experience. Recently, there was a request to United Nation to cancel permission to use 'killer robot' called as 'Pandora Box'. It can be used to conduct warfare bin future by using artificial intelligence. Once the 'Pandora Box' is opened or activated it cannot be controlled or deactivated easily. These can be weapons of terror, weapons that despots and terrorists use against innocent.
Explanation: