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1. Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve
A highly significant watershed of peninsular India, the Achanakmar-Amarkantak reserve was recently added to the list of UNESCO's most protected and significant biosphere reserves in the world. The Achanakmar-Amarkantak, like many biosphere reserves in India, is shared by two states – Madhya Pradesh and Chattisgarh. The dense forest, which hosts unique flora and fauna is also the source of three major river systems, which are the lifeline of central India. The Narmada, Johilla and the Son River, all three originate from this biosphere reserve.
While you are there: Make sure to visit the ancient temples of Kalachuri, which are the foundations of the flourishing civilisation in Central India. The Dudh Dhara Falls are a real spectacle when visited during the monsoon. And definitely do not miss out on the Narmada Udgam Temple, the holy place which marks the beginning of the mighty Narmada River in Amarkantak.
2. Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve
Any list of biosphere reserves in India is not complete without mentioning the Western Ghats. A UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Western Ghats have been divided into two parts, one of which along with three other national parks, makes the expanse of Agasthymalai Biosphere Reserve. The eco-regions of moist deciduous forests of Western Ghats, the montane rain forest and Shola, come together to shelter a collection of over 2,000 varieties of medicinal plants, 50 rare and endangered species, such as the Asian Elephant and the Kanikaran people who are one of the oldest surviving ancient tribes in the world.
While you are there: Definitely try out some adventure activities, such as zip-lining, camping, etc at Thenmala. Pay a visit to the museum which gives an insight into the story of Kanikkaran people and how they have been preserving their home long before it was declared a biosphere reserve. Perched on the highest hill in Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve is the temple of Agasthyakoodam – a place that makes for a great hike and gives a panoramic view of the forest.
3. Cold Desert (Pin Valley National Park and surroundings; Chandratal and Sarchu & Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary)
Of all the biosphere reserves in India, the Cold Desert is probably the most fascinating. Situated in the western Himalayas, this reserve marks its area within Himachal Pradesh and in Pakistan (Skardu). But the terrain matches that of a high altitude Himalayan desert, which is host to some very unique biodiversity. Mostly known for the preservation of the extremely rare Snow Leopard, the area also serves an important role in the history of Buddhism in India. The massive reserve is 7,770 square kilometres vast and includes the Pin Valley National Park, Chandratal, Sarchu and Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary.
While you are there: The best way to truly grasp the beauty of Cold Desert is to take a 10-day long trek from the Pin Valley to the Parvati Valley via Pin Bhabha Pass. You can also take a long road trip from either Manali or Shimla and visit the highest (occupied throughout the year) village in Asia, Kibber. En route, make a mandatory stop at the glorious and awe-inspiring Key Monastery.
4. Gulf of Mannar
The large shallow bay flowing into the Laccadive Sea, Indian Ocean, that lies between the south eastern most point of India and west coast of Sri Lanka, is known as the Gulf of Mannar. This gulf is one of the very few biosphere reserves in India, which is shared by another country. The Mannar Bay and Island is only separated from the Palk Bay in Sri Lanka by a limestone bridge which is known as the Ramsethu. The pearl banks of Mannar have been the primary source of income for its people for over 2,000 years.
While you are there: Visit the fascinating village of Dhanushkodi, which was suddenly and completely abandoned by its people to escape a hurricane/tsunami. You can definitely go over to Mannar Island, and stand on the Ram Sethu, which was once considered only to be a mythological fable.
5. Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve
The Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve encompasses 85% of the island Great Nicobar. The 12-km forest buffer zone provides a protective shield to the rare biodiversity, which Nicobar Reserve is home to. This is just as far as tourists are allowed to go, as within this reserve also lie tribal communities, which continue to flourish as they did centuries ago. The Campbell Bay National Park and Galathea National Park also incorporate this biosphere.