Question

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In Rutherford's gold foil experiment, the alpha particles that traveled through the gold foil hit the screen behind it in more than one spot. Explain the significance of this finding and the discovery it led to.

Answer 1

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The alpha particles that were fired at the gold foil were positively charged. ... These experiments led Rutherford to describe the atom as containing mostly empty space, with a very small, dense, positively charged nucleus at the center, which contained most of the mass of the atom, with the electrons orbiting the nucleus.

Answer 2

A piece of gold foil was hit with alpha particles, which have a positive charge. Most alpha particles went right through. This showed that the gold atoms were mostly empty space. ... The only way this would happen was if the atom had a small, heavy region of positive charge inside it

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