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• A base is a substance that can neutralize the acid by reacting with hydrogen ions. Most bases are minerals that react with acids to form water and salts. Bases include the oxides, hydroxides and carbonates of metals. Examples Of Bases. Examples of bases are sodium hydroxide, calcium carbonate and potassium oxide.

• The difference is minor, but there is one. Essentially a base is a chemical which will react with an acid to form a salt and water only. An alkali is a water-soluble base. ... Insoluble bases, which are not called alkalis, are all metal oxides and insoluble metal hydroxides

• Bases taste bitter, feel slippery, and conduct electricity when dissolved in water. Indicator compounds such as litmus can be used to detect bases. Bases turn red litmus paper blue. The strength of bases is measured on the pH scale.

• Bases can be prepared by the following methods. 1. By the direct union of a metal with oxygen.   2. By action of water /stem on Reactive metal.  3. By heating some carbonates of metal .  4. On passing super heated steam over red hot iron
• Calcium Hydroxide (Slaked lime) [Ca(OH)2] It is used to neutralize the acidity in soils. It is an ingredient in whitewash and  mortar. Magnesium Hydroxide (Milk of magnesia) [Mg(OH)2] It is used as an antacid or a laxative. It helps to correct excess acidity in the stomach.  Sodium Hydroxide (Caustic soda) (NaOH).
• pH is a measure of hydrogen ion concentration, a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. To calculate the pH of an aqueous solution you need to know the concentration of the hydronium ion in moles per liter (molarity). The pH is then calculated using the expression: pH = - log [H3O+].  The pH scale is often said to range from 0 to 14, and most solutions do fall within this range, although it's possible to get a pH below 0 or above 14. Anything below 7.0 is acidic, and anything above 7.0 is alkaline, or basic.

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