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(a) Fragmentation:
Fragmentation is the breaking of the body into parts and then the organism develops all the parts of the body. The fragmentation is the type of reproduction in lower organisms. The fragments which are produced can develop into new organisms.
b) Regeneration:
In the case of regeneration, the organism has the ability to develop the body part which has been lost due to an accident. Many sea stars reproduce asexually by regeneration. For example, if the arm of an individual sea star is broken off it will regenerate a new sea star.
(c) Budding:
Budding is a form of asexual reproduction. There is a formation of an outgrowth from the body which develops into a new individual. The buds grow and develop by remaining attached to the body of the parent. When the bud develops to a particular size, the bud gets detached and grow individually. In Hydra, a bud forms that develops into an adult, which breaks away from the main body.
binary fission= In biology, binary fission is a type of asexual reproduction where a parent cell divides, resulting in two identical cells, each having the potential to grow to the size of the original cell. The word asexual describes a reproduction that occurs without involving sex cells (gametes). Instead, the somatic cells undergo an asexual process that will produce a clone of the parent. The offspring is a clone because its genome will be identical to that of the parent. Binary fission is common among prokaryotes, e.g. archaea, eubacteria, cyanobacteria, and certain protozoans (e.g. amoeba).