please operating system whole chapter explanation in short please class 9
Answers
Answer:
a special system softaware the basic hardware resources and provides a user friendly interface to users and their programs is known as an operating system.
Explanation:
An operating system is an interface between computer and computer hardware. An operating softare which performs all the basic tasks like file management,memory managemen,handling input and output,and controlling peripheral devices such as disk ,drives and printers.
Answer:
Computer has many resources like processor, files, memory, devices etc. Operating system acts as a resource manager.
Operating system provides an interface between the user and the machine.
Operating system boots the computer.
Operating system provides a platform for executing various application programs.
Operating system secures the user programs.
Operating system helps in performing input/output operations.
When one process requires to communicate with another process, operating system makes this communication possible.
Errors like printer offline, failed memory allocation are all detected by operating system. For many errors, operating system itself takes appropriate action.
OPERATING SYSTEM AS RESOURCE MANAGER
Files, devices, peripherals, CPU, memory etc. are some of the major resources of a computer. A computer has various processes running simultaneously at any point of time. These processes require different resources at different times and for different durations. The major work of operating system as a resource manager are:
To keep track of available resources i.e., to keep a note of which resource is free.
To decide which process has to be allotted a resource, when and for how long. For taking this decision, it takes help of some algorithms like First come First serve, Shortest Duration First, Round Robin etc.
To allocate the resource to the process.
To deallocate the resource after the allotted time is over.
FUNCTIONS OF OPERATING SYSTEM
Fet us now see in detail the functions of operating system.
Processor Management
Processor is the most important resource of a computer. When many processes are running on a computer and each requires the processor, the operating system decides which process has to be allocated to the processor, when and for how long. It allocates the processor and after the allotted time slot, it deallocates the processor.
Memory Management
The next most sought after resource is the memory. Operating system while acting as the memory manager decides which memory, how much memory and for how long the memory is to be allocated to a process. It then deallocates the memory too.
File Management
The file manager allocates files and directories to processes. The files may be the hard disk or external storage devices. It also helps the computer and the user to read/write data from/to the storage device.
Device Management
There are several devices attached to the computer such as keyboard, mouse, speakers, microphone etc. Each device has driver software which is launched by the operating system for the device to work. Most of the operating system have built-in drivers for the commonly used devices.
USER-OPERATING SYSTEM INTERFACE
The user can interact with operating system in two ways:
Command-Line Interface or Command Interpreter
It allows user to enter commands for any operation to be performed. For example, UNIX, MS-DOS.
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
Another way of interacting with the operating system is through GUI. It is a user-friendly interface and so the most preferred and liked operating system. The user does not have to enter any command. The commands appear on the screen in form of menu or as icons (small pictorial representation). The user uses a pointing device like mouse or light pen etc. to position the pointer on the icon on the screen. Clicking the mouse on the required position triggers the execution of the command or opens the file/folder. The best example of GUI based operating system is MS-Windows, Macintosh.
cbse-notes-class-9-foundation-information-technology-operating-system-fig5.2
GUI is an interface between user and computer which uses menus, icons, tabs and buttons and all these can be selected using a pointing device like mouse.
Advantages of GUI
It is easy to operate and very user-friendly.
Use of icons and tabs etc. makes it more attractive.
No prior knowledge of syntax of commands is required.
Multitasking is possible while using GUI. This means that more than one application can be run simultaneously.
The convenience of the use of GUI has resulted in development of many user friendly softwares like Desktop Publishing. .
Limitation of GUI
Inspite of the attractive and convenient uses of GUI, people prefer Command Line Interface because it is very powerful and gives more liberty and more advanced features.
Command Line Interface (CLI)
MS-DOS, UNIX, LINUX are some of the most commonly used Command Line Interface. Here unlike GUI, mouse is not used. Instead commands are typed using keyboard. Commands are typed next to a prompt. For example, the address line of a web browser is a command line.
C:\> in MS-DOS
Advantage of CLI