Question

Please read the following case study carefully and answer the questions being followed.
Pakistan
History
Pakistan’s history contains many rulers both local and international rulers. After gaining independence in 1947 from the British rule, Pakistan and India came to war with each other. In 1949 Pakistan’s constitution assembly passed objectives resolutions, but these resolutions were mainly based on Islam in comparison to today’s democracy. After the initial war with India, instability within the country caused another war in 1965, this instability escalated into the use of gorilla weapons and warfare followed by another war in 1971 paving the way for what is known as Bangladesh. The military took over in 1977 followed by restoration of Democracy in 1988. Military took over again in 1999 followed by restoration of Democracy in 2008. The country witnessed the third transfer of power after the recently concluded elections in July 2018.

Geography
Pakistan is a southern Asian country which borders India, Afghanistan, Iran and China. Pakistan has a very hot and dry climate to offer with most of the days being hot. This has caused the terrain to be flat, plain and have a fairly desert environment. The country has many natural resources such as extensive natural gas, petroleum and copper. All of which that can be used for economic uses. Pakistan is rated 146th in the world’s development index as they still have environmental issues such as water pollution, which has caused a lack of freshwater resources. Pakistan is also a country that is prone to natural disasters such as earthquakes and flooding caused by heavy monsoon rains.
Economy & Trade
Pakistan’s growth since independence has been higher than the world’s average growth rates. Since Pakistan’s recession 5 years after independence they economy have been growing every year. But due to the current economic climate, Pakistan has now reached a balance of payments crisis. The International Monetary Fund bailed out Pakistan in November 2008 to avert a balance of payments crisis followed by another bail out in 2014 and in July last year increased the loan to $11.3 billion from an initial $7.6 billion.
Some facts and figures:
Pakistan Population: 203,709,174 Youth population below 30 years: 64%
GDP growth rate: 3.9% Inflation rate: 9.41%
Labor force: 59.21 million Rural Population: 62%
Urban Population: 38% Literacy Rate: 57%
Unemployment rate: 5.9% External Loans: $99 billion
Exports: $24.824 billion Imports: ‎$56.002 billion
GDP per capita‎: ‎$1,641 Tax to GDP ratio: 11%
Pakistan's Human Development Index: 150 out of 189 countries
Pakistan’s Corruption Perception Index 117th place out of 180 countries
Child Mortality: 74.9 deaths per 1,000 live births
Pakistan’s official Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) = 40%


Please answer following questions with reference to above case study:
Q5. Explain Economic challenges of Pakistan with consideration of above data. (4 Marks)
Q6. Explain political struggle of Pakistan since its inception and is effects on development agenda of country. (4 Marks)
Q7. Discuss how you can contribute for development agenda of Pakistan. (2 Marks)

Answer 1

The history of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan began on 14 August 1947 when the country became an independent nation in the form of Dominion of Pakistan within the British Commonwealth as the result of Pakistan Movement and the partition of India. While the history of the Pakistani Nation according to the Pakistan government's official chronology started with the Islamic rule over Indian subcontinent by Muhammad bin Qasim[1] which reached its zenith during Mughal Era. In 1947, Pakistan consisted of West Pakistan (today's Pakistan) and East Pakistan (today's Bangladesh). The President of All-India Muslim League and later the Pakistan Muslim League, Muhammad Ali Jinnah became Governor-General while the secretary general of the Muslim League, Liaquat Ali Khan became Prime Minister. The constitution of 1956 made Pakistan an Islamic democratic country.

The history of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan began on 14 August 1947 when the country became an independent nation in the form of Dominion of Pakistan within the British Commonwealth as the result of Pakistan Movement and the partition of India. While the history of the Pakistani Nation according to the Pakistan government's official chronology started with the Islamic rule over Indian subcontinent by Muhammad bin Qasim[1] which reached its zenith during Mughal Era. In 1947, Pakistan consisted of West Pakistan (today's Pakistan) and East Pakistan (today's Bangladesh). The President of All-India Muslim League and later the Pakistan Muslim League, Muhammad Ali Jinnah became Governor-General while the secretary general of the Muslim League, Liaquat Ali Khan became Prime Minister. The constitution of 1956 made Pakistan an Islamic democratic country.Pakistan faced a civil war and Indian military intervention in 1971 resulting in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh. The country has also unresolved territorial disputes with India, resulting in four conflicts. Pakistan was closely tied to the United States in Cold War. In the Afghan-Soviet War, it supported the Sunni Mujahideens and played a vital role in the defeat of Soviet Forces and forced them to withdraw from Afghanistan. The country continues to face challenging problems including terrorism, poverty, illiteracy, corruption and political instability. Terrorism due to War of Afghanistan damaged the country's economy and infrastructure to a great extent from 2001-09 but Pakistan is once again developing.

The history of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan began on 14 August 1947 when the country became an independent nation in the form of Dominion of Pakistan within the British Commonwealth as the result of Pakistan Movement and the partition of India. While the history of the Pakistani Nation according to the Pakistan government's official chronology started with the Islamic rule over Indian subcontinent by Muhammad bin Qasim[1] which reached its zenith during Mughal Era. In 1947, Pakistan consisted of West Pakistan (today's Pakistan) and East Pakistan (today's Bangladesh). The President of All-India Muslim League and later the Pakistan Muslim League, Muhammad Ali Jinnah became Governor-General while the secretary general of the Muslim League, Liaquat Ali Khan became Prime Minister. The constitution of 1956 made Pakistan an Islamic democratic country.Pakistan faced a civil war and Indian military intervention in 1971 resulting in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh. The country has also unresolved territorial disputes with India, resulting in four conflicts. Pakistan was closely tied to the United States in Cold War. In the Afghan-Soviet War, it supported the Sunni Mujahideens and played a vital role in the defeat of Soviet Forces and forced them to withdraw from Afghanistan. The country continues to face challenging problems including terrorism, poverty, illiteracy, corruption and political instability. Terrorism due to War of Afghanistan damaged the country's economy and infrastructure to a great extent from 2001-09 but Pakistan is once again developing.Pakistan is a nuclear power as well as a declared nuclear-weapon state, having conducted six nuclear tests in response to five nuclear tests of their rival Republic of India in May 1998. The first five tests were conducted on May 28 and the sixth one on May 30. With this status, Pakistan is seventh in world, second in South Asia and the only country in the Islamic World. Pakistan also has the sixth-largest standing armed forces in the world and is spending a major amount of its budget on on defense. Pakistan is the founding member of the OIC, the SAARC and the Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition as well as a member of many international organisations including the UN, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, the Commonwealth of Nations, the ARF, the Economic Cooperation Organization and many more.