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The Harappan civilization is known as the earliest civilization of south-Asia subcontinent. It flourished during third second millennium B.C. It covers an appreciably larger area than the early dynastic Egypt or Sumer. Like other ci vilization Harappan civilization seems to have grown out of the skillful exploitation of the rivers valley resources in the north -western region of the Indo-Pakistan subcontinent. The Harappan sites provided evidences of systemic town planning, fortificati ons, elaborate drainage system, granaries etc. which throw light on the surplus economy, standardization of brick size, weight and measures, geometric instruments, linear scales and plumb-bobs. The Harappans were the first who gave the idea of the welfare of workers for the first time by establishing separate workers. Which now has become a necessity in welfare state. A unique type of hydraulic architecture is another legacy of the Harappan civilization. The Harappan people constructed their houses on immense platforms of mud or mud bricks. The Harappan cities were equipped with numerous wells, bathrooms and an intricate system of drains. The elites who lived in different parts of the cities did not constructed elaborate centralized places or temples as was common in Mesopotamia and Egypt, but they maintained well planned cities with massive walls and gateways to protect the citizens and to control trade. The evidence found during 185 excavations revealed that the Harappan civilization evolved from local culture that had its roots, extending back thousands of years to the earliest fa rming and pastoral communities. Harappan civilization was spread over vast area. Its settlement runs broadly from Sutkagendor in Makran (Pakistan) in the west to Hulas in District Saha ranpur U.P. (India) and Rehman Dheri (North Pakistant) in the north, Diamabad in Maharashtra (India) in the south and covers about 2,17,557 sq. km. Kenoyer estimated it about 6,80,000 sq. km. The earliest civilization of south-Asia is known as Indus Valley Civilization because a large number of sites were discovered in the Indus valley. The term Indus civilization was given by Sir John Marshall in 1926. The south Asian archaeologist S.P. Gupta called it Indus Saraswati or Saraswati (Hakra) civilization. He discovered a large number of Harappan sites in the Saraswati (Hakra) and its tributaries region. Geographical and climatic condition is also very helpful factors for the growth of any civilization. The Indus valley is a very fertile land since Helocene period. The Indus River brought flood frequently and keep the soil of Indus valley fertile by silting. Gurdeep Sing studied some pollen cores found from the salt water lakes in Rajasthan and said that during Harappan period this area was more fertile than today and received heavy rainfall. So the fertile soil and favorable climatic condition provided facilities for the rise of the civilization. 186 Harappa, Mohenjodaro, Kalibangan, Lothal, Dholavira, etc. were the important Harappan sites founded in the India and Pakistan. Agriculture and trade were the two base of their economy. The Harappan people developed their internal and external trading activity. Agriculture depended on monsoon but the Harapan people developed some artificial means of irrigation like, cannal, wells, reserviors etc. The Harappan cities were surrounded by the fortification walls. In the archaeological context fortification can be defined as protective or defensive works around the settlement area. 187 of the fortification. The fortification wall during the Harappan period also protected the people from the wild animals and the adverse effects of climate. The Harappan civilization is well known due to its town planning. They developed unique city plan which was unparallel among the contemporary civilization. The Harappan city plan seems to designed by some architect with the help of some geometrical instruments. In Harappan town planning some particular features were followed.