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Let y = 3 sin x + 4 cos x - 5.
⇒ (y+5) = 3 sin x + 4 cos x
Recall that for all real values of x,
−√(a2+b2) ≤ ( a sin x + b cos x ) ≤ √(a2+b2) → (1)
⇒ −√(32 + 42) ≤ (y+5) ≤ +√(32 + 42) [From (1)]
⇒ −5 ≤ ( y + 5 ) ≤ 5
⇒ −5 − 5 ≤ [( y + 5 ) − 5] ≤ 5 − 5
⇒ −10 ≤ y ≤ 0
⇒ −10 ≤ (3 sin x + 4 cos x − 5) ≤ 0
Hence the range is [−10, 0].
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