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Unit 1
Q1.
• In 1774, King Louis XVI ascended to the throne from the Bourbon family of kings.
• He found an empty treasury, so he decided to raise the taxes to meet the state's regular expenses.
• The burden of the increase in taxes was borne by the third estate alone.
• The church and nobility too extracted taxes from the peasants and other members of the third estate.
• There was a subsistence crisis. In this situation, the workers did not get enough wages for them to buy food and commodities.
The basic means of livelihood was endangered.
• Philosophers coming up such as John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau started influencing the people by their literary works.
• An important meeting of the Estates General was held on 5 May, 1789 to introduce the new taxes. The voting system was objected by the members of the third estate, who proposed a voting system where each member had one vote.
Their proposal was rejected and then they walked out of the assembly in protest.
• They came back again on 20 June and formed a National Assembly at the indoor tennis court in the grounds of Versailles. The reputed Tennis Court Oath followed this event.
They swore not to disperse until a constitution that limits the powers of the monarch has been drafted.
• Revolts were happening in the countryside and many other parts of the France. There was a bad harvest due to severe winters. The bakers exploited the situation and hoarded supplies.
• The king had ordered the troops to move into the city which caused the people to seize hoes and pitchforks in order to fight against the troops.
• King Louis XVI finally accepted the constitution.
On 4 August 1789, the National Assembly passed a decree abolishing feudal system of obligation and taxes. The taxes if the first two estates were acquired.
• The National Assembly had drafted the constitution in 1791 and France became a Constitutional Monarchy.
• The National Assembly declared war against Prussia and Austria because they were aware that the king was in secret negotiations with the king of Prussia. Other countries were also worried about the events taking place in France.
• Political Clubs became an important rallying point for those who planned their own forms of action.
• The Jacobins formed a new assembly called the Convention. They executed the King and the Queen.
• Maximilian Robespierre [The head of the Jacobin Club] was soon executed due to his strict policies.
•The wealthier middle class seized power after the fall of the Jacobin government.
Q2. The poor governance of King Louis XVI was the main cause of the French Revolution.
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