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Step-by-step explanation:
We can calculate the vertical distance between the centers of the two circles as follows:
ET + TF = EF
ET/2 + TF/2 = EF/2
ET/2 + TF/2 = 6/2 = 3
Suppose the top circle has a radius of x, and the bottom circle has a radius of y. The sum of the radii and the distance above will equal the vertical distance of the rectangle AB, so we have:
x + 3 + y = 8
x + y = 5
We can then construct the line connecting
the two centers of the circle, which will have a distance of x + y = 5. We can then form a right triangle between the circles’ centers: the hypotenuse connects the centers, and the two legs are the vertical and horizontal components of the distance. The vertical distance was computed to be 3 above, so the horizontal distance will be √(52 – 32) = 4, and thus we have the famous Egyptian 3-4-5 right triangle!
We can then sum the two radii and the horizontal leg distance to get the length of BC.
BC = x + 4 + y
BC = 4 + x + y
BC = 4 + 5
BC = 9
Remarkably the answer is the same regardless of the specific sizes of the two circles! And the key to solving this problem was the ancient Egyptian knowledge of the 3-4-5 right triangle.
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