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Answers
Explanation:
1. Project Tiger is a tiger conservation programme launched in April 1973 by the Government of India during Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's tenure.As the Bengal Tiger is the national animal of India, this project aims to stem the dwindling population of the big cats and work to increase their numbers.
2. Large scale development projects and mining have contributed significantly to the loss of forests.
Since 1951, over 5000 sq. km. of forests have been cleared for river valley projects. Clearing of forest is still continuing with projects like the Narmada Sagar Project in Madhya Pradesh, which would inundate 40,000 hectares of forest.
3.(i) Developed countries consume more resources than underdeveloped or developing countries.
(ii) Rich people use non-renewable resources on a large scale which effects the life of common people.
4.Reserved Forests: Reserve forests are the most restricted forests and are constituted by the State Government on any forest land or wasteland which is the property of the Government.
Protected Forests: The State Government is empowered to constitute any land other than reserved forests as protected forests over which the Government has proprietary rights and the power to issue rules regarding the use of such forests.
Unclassed Forests consists of inaccessible forests or wastelands. These consist of only 16% of the total forest areas. These forests are owned by Government and Private Individuals.
5.India has rich heritage of flora and fauna . It has a very large geographical area which includes the mountains, the Northern plains, plateaus and also islands.
6.The primary objective of JFM is to ensure sustainable use of forests to meet local needs equitably while ensuring environmental sustainability.
7.It has helped in the conservation of forests and wildlife in the following ways :
(i) Such beliefs have preserved several virgin forests in pristine form called Sacred Groves. These parts of large forests have been left untouched by local people.
(ii) To many of us, Peepal and Banyan trees are considered sacred.