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ANSWER
QUESTION 1
Bacterial cell
1. Size of a cell is generally small (1-10 mm)
2. Nucleus is absent (nuclear region or nucleoid is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane.)
onion cell
1.Size of a cell is generally large (5-100 mm).
2. Nucleus is present (nuclear material is surrounded by a nuclear membrane).
QUESTION 2
A) Ribosomes are the working benches in the translation step of protein synthesis. ... So,if the ribosomes are removed proteins required within the cell like the enzymes and proteins required outside the cell like structural proteins won't be manufactured in the body and it'll eventually cause degeneration of the whole body.
B) Without a Golgi apparatus, there would be no lysosomes in a cell. Subsequently, the cell would not be able to digest or break down the materials left over from protein creation. This would create a lot of excess junk within the cell. If this happened, the cell wouldn't be able to live for very long.
C) If the plasma membrane ruptures or breakdown then the cell will not be able to exchange material from its surrounding by diffusion or osmosis. Thereafter the protoplasmic material will be disappeared and the cell will die.
D) If a red blood cell (RBC) found itself in a concentrated salt solution, the solute concentration would be higher outside the RBC than inside it.
OUESTION 3
Lysosome defend the cell by killing or digesting foreign material or antigens entering the cell. They digest food in the cell with the help of their hydrolytic enzymes. They also eat up worn out or dead organelles in the cell, thus cleaning it.
QUESTION 4
A) Cell sap inside the vacuole is responsible for maintaining the osmotic pressure and turgidity of the cell and this is in turn is responsible for elasticity of plant tissues and organs.
B) Detoxification:Perhaps the most important is the role of processing drugs and poisons making them available in the liver cells' cytosol for excretion.
C) presence of Ribosomes on RER gives them a rough appearance. Ribosomes helps in protein synthesis.
D) Cellulose is a natural polymer made of smaller sugar units. It is present in cell walls of plant cells. It gives remarkable strength to the cell. It also helps in the absorption of water thus, preventing desiccation of cell.
QUESTION 5.
Deoxyribonucleic acid dna is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions for the development and functions of living things. dna found in the cell nucleus as nuclear dna. the functional segment of dna are genes.DNA, short for deoxyribonucleic acid, is the molecule that contains the genetic code of organisms. ... DNA is in each cell in the organism and tells cells what proteins to make.
QUESTION 6
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), energy-carrying molecule found in the cells of all living things. ATP captures chemical energy obtained from the breakdown of food molecules and releases it to fuel other cellular processes.
QUESTION 7
Membrane biogenesis is the process of formation of the biological membrane. It involves the synthesis of cell membranes with the help of proteins and lipids. Endoplasmic Reticulum is responsible for membrane biogenesis. Membranes which as synthesized help in dividing the cell into structural and functional components.
QUESTION 8
The stain used to perform experiments with onion is iodine. Iodine easily stains the cell walls of its cells due to the presence of simple carbohydrates. The stain used to perform experiments with cheek cells is methylene blue. The cheek cells easily take of the stain of methylene blue
QUESTION 9
SIMILARITIES
Mitochondria and Plastids both are double membraned structure. They both have their own DNA and ribosomes of their own. They both can be said as the kitchen of the cell. One gives energy by cellular respiration and other by food storage.
DISSIMILARITIES
Mitochondria is known as power house of the cell whereas the Plastids are known as the kitchen of the cell. 2. Mitochondria produces energy in the form of ATP whereas Plastids manufacture food i.e., photosynthesis. Plastids occur only in plant and algae cells, but mitochondria are found in all eukaryotic cells
QUESTION 10
The cell membrane is flexible enough to form invagination around a particle and to take it inside the cell. ... Cell membrane can also fuse to the vesicular membrane and can release vesicular contents to the external medium. This process is called as exocytosis. Both processes are important for a living organism.
QUESTION 11
: Bacterial cell do not have chloroplast but yet some photoautotrophic bacteria perform photosynthesis due to the presence of chlorophyll in cooperated in the membrane. Embedded in the cell membrane are reaction centers which specifically absorb light energy.
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QUESTION 1 DIAGRAM
