Please tell about S,P,D,nd F shells in detail also tell how to find valency of an element by this method
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S P D and F are the subshell of K L M N O shell. These shell decide the electronic configuration. S contain maximum 2 electron in every shell. P contain maximum of 6 electrons in 2 shell and higher. D contain maximum 10 electrons in 3 shell and higher. F contain maximum 14 electrons in 4 shell and higher. These subshell helps in calculating maximum no. electrons in the outermost shell. The valency can be find my knowing no. of valence electron in the outermost shell. ex. Lithium has a electronic configuration { 2,1 } it means of lithium valency is 1 because it has only 1 electron in the outer most orbit.
Likewise, Beryllium electronic configuration { 2,2 } has 2 electron in the outermost orbit so the valency is 2. Boron has electronic configuration { 2,3 }. Boron has 3 electrons in the outermost shell it means its valency is 3. Carbon has electronic configuration { 2,4 }. Carbon has 4 electron in the outermost shell therefore, its valency is 4.
Now, while writing electronic configuration of Nitrogen { 2,5 } we can' t say that its valency is 5. Now, we will minus the electrons. Minus electron from maximum no of electrons to no. of electron of an element. So, 8 - 5 = 3. Therefore, Nitrogen had 3 valency.
By this method, we can find out the valecy.
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