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Galileo Galilee often known as Galileo was an Italian physicist, mathematician, engineer, astronomer and philosopher who played a major role in the scientific revolution. His achievements include improvements in the telescope and consequent astronomical observations and support for Copernicanism. Galileo has been called the “father of modern observational astronomy” the “father of modern physics”, the “father of science” and “the father of modern science.
His contributions to observational astronomy include the telescopic confirmation of the phases of Venus, the discovery of the four largest satellites of Jupiter (named the Galilean moons in his honour), and the observation and analysis of sunspots. Galileo also worked on applied science and technology, inventing an improved the military compass and other instruments.
In the Catholic world prior to Galileo’s conflict with the Church, the majority of educated people subscribed to the Aristotelian geocentric view that the earth was the centre of the universe and that all heavenly bodies revolved around the Earth.