Please tell me brain topic in detail ☺☺
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If you have any book of bio so please share pics of chapter brain ☺☺
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Answers
ANSWER :
Brain
The brain is highly developed in human beings . It wrights about 1.4 kg and is 13_ 20 cm cube in volume . It is enclosed in a bony case called cranium which protects it from external injuries .
the brain is wrapped in free protective membrane is called meninges which are separated by cerebrospinal fluid .
Brain matter
The nervous matter composing the brain is differentiated into
- Grey matter which forms the surface layer of the brain . It is formed of cell bodies of neurons .
- white matter that lies on the inner side it is formed of white myelinated nerve fibres .
Divisions of brain
Brain is the enlargement of anterior part of the spinal cord and the brain is divided into fore brain midbrain and hindbrain .
- Fore brain : It consists of cerebrum and diencephalon.
- Midbrain : It has groups of nerve fibres which connects the forebrain and hind brain . It also has four optic lobes which are centres of vision . Midbrain services as a relay centre for auditory information to the thalamus and cerebral cortex .
- Hindbrain : It consists of cerebellum pons varolii and medula oblongata .
Forebrain :
Cerebrum :
It is the largest part of the brain and is highly developed in humans it covers all the parts of the brain it is formed of right and left cerebral hemispheres are separated by a deep medial longitudinal group called cerebral fissure . It initiates and controls reaction of voluntary muscles that is motivation and attention
Diencephalon :
It consists of thalamus and hypothalamus and two endocrine glands pineal gland and pituitary gland . The thalamus serves as a relay centre for sensory and motor impulses from spinal cord and medulla to various parts of the cerebrum .
Hindbrain :
Cerebellum :
It is the second largest part of the brain . It lies at the rear of cerebral partly covered by it . It coordinates voluntary movements produced by muscular activities and maintains posture and balance of body while walking jumping running .
Pons varoli :
It is a thick transfers nerve track on the undersurface of cerebellum and connect it in two hemispheres . Its function as a relay centre transferring impulses from one hemisphere of cerebellum to other and coordinates muscular movements of the two sides .
Medulla oblangata :
Medulla is formed of white matter externally and grey matter internally . It continues into the trunk as spinal cord . It is a reflex centre . It coordinates all involuntary activities of internal organs like swallowing . Medula has cardiac centre , respiratory centre , vasomotor centre and reflex centres for sneezing ,coughing, vomiting and swallowing .