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Q38. Wool industry is an important means of livelihood for many people in India. But sorter's job is risky as sometimes they get infected by a bacterium, Anthrax, which causes a fatal blood disease called sorter's disease. Such risks are faced by workers in any industry are called occupational hazards.

Q39. The process of selecting  parents for obtaining special characters in their offspring such as soft under hair in sheep, is termed as 'selective breeding'.

Q40.    S.no  -   Name of the breed  - Quality of wool  -  State where found    

              1           Lohi                            Good quality        Rajasthan, Punjab

                                                              wool  

              2          Rampur bushair          Brown fleece       Uttar Pradesh,                                

                                                                                             Himachal Pradesh

              3          Nali                              Carpet wool          Rajasthan, Punjab,

                                                                                             Haryana

              4          Bakharwal                  For woollen          Jammu and Kashmir

                                                              shawls

              5          Marwari                      Coarse wool         Gujarat

              6          Patanwadi                  For hosiery           Gujarat

Q41.        Rearing silk:  A female silk moth  lays hundreds of eggs at a time . The eggs are stored  carefully on strips of cloth or paper and sold to silkworm farmers. The farmers  keep eggs under hygienic conditions  and under suitable conditions of  temperature and humidity. The eggs are warmed to a suitable  temperature for the larvae to hatch from eggs. This is done when mulberry trees  bear a fresh crop of leaves. The larvae, called caterpillars or  silkworms, eat day and night and increase enormously in size. The larvae are kept in clean bamboo trays along with freshly chopped  mulberry leaves. After 25 to 30 days, the caterpillars stop eating and  move to a tiny chamber of bamboo in  the tray to spin cocoons. Small racks or twigs may be provided  in the trays to which cocoons get  attached. The caterpillar or silkworm  spins the cocoon inside which develops  the silk moths.

Processing silk:  A pile of cocoons is  used for obtaining silk fibres. The  cocoons are kept under the sun or boiled  or exposed to steam. The silk fibres  separate out. The process of taking out  threads from the cocoon for use as silk  is called reeling the silk. Reeling is done  in special machines, which unwind  the threads or fibres of silk from the  cocoon. Silk fibres are then spun into  silk threads, which are woven into silk  cloth by weavers.

Q42:  The exact time of discovery of silk is perhaps unknown. According to an old  Chinese legend, the empress Si-lung-Chi was asked by the emperor Huang-ti to  find the cause of the damaged leaves of mulberry trees growing in their garden.  The empress found white worms eating up mulberry leaves. She also noticed  that they were spinning shiny cocoons around them. Accidentally a cocoon  dropped into her cup of tea and a tangle of delicate threads separated from the  cocoon. Silk industry began in China and was kept a closely guarded secret for  hundreds of years. Later on, traders and travellers introduced silk to other  countries. The route they travelled is still called the ‘silk route’.