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A mirror is a reflective surface that bounces off light-producing either a real image or a virtual image. When an object is placed in front of a mirror, the image of the same object is seen in the mirror. The object is the source of the incident rays and the image is formed by the reflected rays. Based on the interaction of light, the images are classified as either a real image or a virtual image. A real image occurs when the light rays actually intersect while virtual images occur due to the apparent divergence of light rays from a point.
Ray diagrams help us trace the path of the light for the person to view a point on the image of an object. Ray diagram uses lines with arrows to represent the incident ray and the reflected ray. It also helps us trace the direction in which the light travels.
Plane Mirror vs Spherical Mirrors
Mirrors are made into different shapes for different purposes.
The two of the most prominent types of mirrors are:
Plane Mirrors
Spherical Mirrors
A plane mirror is a flat, smooth reflective surface. A plane mirror always forms a virtual image that is upright, and of the same shape and size as the object, it is reflecting. A spherical mirror is a mirror that has a consistent curve and a constant radius of curvature. The images formed by a spherical mirror can either be real or virtual. Spherical mirrors are of two types as:
Concave Mirror
Convex Mirror
In the next few sections, let us learn in-depth about the characteristics of convex and concave mirrors and the images formed by them when the object is kept at different positions.
Spherical Mirrors
Spherical mirrors are the mirrors having curved surfaces that are painted on one of the sides. Spherical mirrors in which inward surfaces are painted are known as convex mirrors, while the spherical mirrors in which outward surfaces are painted are known as concave mirrors.
Concave Mirrors And Convex Mirrors
Concave Mirror
If a hollow sphere is cut into parts and the outer surface of the cut part is painted, then it becomes a mirror with its inner surface as the reflecting surface. This type of mirror is known as a concave mirror.
Characteristics of Concave Mirrors
Light converges at a point when it strikes and reflects back from the reflecting surface of the concave mirror. Hence, it is also known as a converging mirror.
When the concave mirror is placed very close to the object, a magnified and virtual image is obtained.
However, if we increase the distance between the object and the mirror then the size of the image reduces and a real image is formed.
The image formed by the concave mirror can be small or large or can be real or virtual.
Convex Mirror
If the cut part of the hollow sphere is painted from inside, then its outer surface becomes the reflecting surface. This kind of mirror is known as a convex mirror.
Characteristics of Convex Mirrors
A convex mirror is also known as a diverging mirror as this mirror diverges light when they strike on its reflecting surface.
Virtual, erect, and diminished images are always formed with convex mirrors, irrespective of the distance between the object and the mirror.
Test your Knowledge on Concave Mirrors And Convex Mirrors!