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1)Large areas of forest were cleared for tea, rubber and coffee plantation. They also cleared the forest for timber. Moreover, the forests were also enclosed for commercial purposes. This led to wide scale deforestation and loss of livelihood for people who depended upon forest resources. For the pastoral communities it meant shrinking of grazing grounds for their cattle. Some of them were labelled as criminal tribes and were forced to work in factorie, mines and plantation.
Explanation:
Large areas of forest were cleared for tea, rubber and coffee plantation. They also cleared the forest for timber. Moreover, the forests were also enclosed for commercial purposes. This led to wide scale deforestation and loss of livelihood for people who depended upon forest resources. For the pastoral communities it meant shrinking of grazing grounds for their cattle. Some of them were labelled as criminal tribes and were forced to work in factorie, mines and plantation.
2)When the pastures get depleted they move to another place with their animals, looking for pasture and water. When the water and pasture get depleted they move again and keep repeating the cycle. Advantages (i) The movement of the nomads allows the pasture to regrow and recover.
3)forest act= Both the 1878 actand the 1927 one sought to consolidate and reserve the areas having forest cover, or significant wildlife, to regulate movement and transit of forest produce, and duty leviable on timber and other forest produce.
Waste land act=The colonial government wanted to bring the grazing lands under cultivation so that they could get revenue and agriculture goods form this land. According to wasteland rules, the uncultivated lands were taken over and given to select individuals who were granted concessions and encouraged to settle these lands.
4)Nomads are people who do not live in one place but move from one area to another to earn their living. ... Advantages (i) The movement of the nomads allows the pasture to regrow and recover. (ii) It helps to protect the ecology of the environment. (iii) It prevents the overuse of pastures.
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