Please write answers of the following questions as per the marks indicated against it. 1. What are the major differences between the development criteria of World Bank and UNDP? What is the demerit of Per capita Income? - 5 2. What is HDI? Why it is used? How it is measured? What are the criteria in HDI? - 5 3. What is Sustainable development? How it is important for today? Explain with the example of a renewable and non- renewable resource. (5)
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Answer:
Difference between UNDP and World bank
.The World Bank uses the Per capita Income as a method to measure the development of a country.Under World Bank, developed countries are those whose per capita income is $ 12616 per annum or more and less developed countries are those whose per capita income is $ 1035 or less per annum.
The UNDP publishes Human Development Report that measures the development of a country in terms of literacy, health and per capita income.According to that the countries are given Human Development Index (HDI )ranks.
Demerits of Per Capita Income
Demerits of Per Capita Income :- Following are the demerits of per capita income. 1) It does not indicate the disparities in the distribution of income e.g. it does not show the wide gap between the incomes of very rich and the very poor people. It is just a mean value so, it does not reflect the income distribution.
HDI-(Details)
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable and have a decent standard of living. ... The standard of living dimension is measured by gross national income per capita.
Sustainable development
renewable resource can be used again and again, so is more sustainable, eg water, wind, wood, sun and wave energy. A non-renewable resource will eventually run out, so it is not sustainable in the long run, eg fossil fuels such as gas, oil and coal. There is only a finite supply of non-renewable resources.
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1.The criterion used by the UNDP for measuring development is different from the one used by the World Bank in following ways:
i) UNDP measures development on the parameters of education, health and per capita income whereas World Bank measures the same only on the basis of per capita income.
ii) UNDP ranks the countries on the basis of development whereas World Bank classifies them into three categories: rich countries, middle income countries and poor countries.
iii) UNDP has a broader framework to measure development whereas World Bank has a narrow framework to measure the same.
3.The HDI is a measurement system used by the United Nations to evaluate the level of individual human development in each country. The HDI uses components such as average annual income and educational expectations to rank and compare countries.
The HDI is calculated as the geometric mean (equally-weighted) of life expectancy, education, and GNI per capita, as follows: The education dimension is the arithmetic mean of the two education indices (mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling).
4.Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainable development has continued to evolve as that of protecting the world's resources while its true agenda is to control the world's resources.
5.It is a finite resource. Fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas, and coal are examples of nonrenewable resources. Humans constantly draw on the reserves of these substances while the formation of new supplies takes eons. Renewable resources are the opposite: Their supply replenishes naturally or can be sustained.
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