Please write the correct answer Which of the following microorganisms plays an important role in maintaining the balance of nitrogen gas in the atmosphere? a)Viruses b) Bacteria c) Fungi d) Algae e) Other (if other what is it?)
Answers
Explanation:
It is bacteria calle rhizobium
Biological N2 fixation represents the major source of N input in agricultural soils including those in arid regions. The major N2-fixing systems are the symbiotic systems, which can play a significant role in improving the fertility and productivity of low-N soils. The Rhizobium-legume symbioses have received most attention and have been examined extensively. The behavior of some N2-fixing systems under severe environmental conditions such as salt stress, drought stress, acidity, alkalinity, nutrient deficiency, fertilizers, heavy metals, and pesticides is reviewed. These major stress factors suppress the growth and symbiotic characteristics of most rhizobia; however, several strains, distributed among various species of rhizobia, are tolerant to stress effects. Some strains of rhizobia form effective (N2-fixing) symbioses with their host legumes under salt, heat, and acid stresses, and can sometimes do so under the effect of heavy metals. Reclamation and improvement of the fertility of arid lands by application of organic (manure and sewage sludge) and inorganic (synthetic) fertilizers are expensive and can be a source of pollution. The Rhizobium-legume (herb or tree) symbiosis is suggested to be the ideal solution to the improvement of soil fertility and the rehabilitation of arid lands and is an important direction for future research.
THE NITROGEN FIXATION PROCESS
The element nitrogen, or “azote,” meaning “without life,” as Antonie Lavoisier called it about 200 years ago, has proved to be anything but lifeless, since it is a component of food, poisons, fertilizers, and explosives (277). The atmosphere contains about 1015 tonnes of N2 gas, and the nitrogen cycle involves the transformation of some 3 × 109 tonnes of N2 per year on a global basis (244). However, transformations (e.g., N2 fixation) are not exclusively biological. Lightning probably accounts for about 10% of the world’s supply of fixed nitrogen (301). The fertilizer industry also provides very important quantities of chemically fixed nitrogen. World production of fixed nitrogen from dinitrogen for chemical fertilizer accounts for about 25% of the Earth’s newly fixed N2, and biological processes account for about 60%. Globally the consumption of fertilizer-N increased from 8 to 17 kg ha−1 of agricultural land in the 15-year period from 1973 to 1988 (107). Significant growth in fertilizer-N usage has occurred in both developed and developing countries (238). The requirements for fertilizer-N are predicted to increase further in the future (306); however, with the current technology for fertilizer production and the inefficient methods employed for fertilizer application, both the economic and ecological costs of fertilizer usage will eventually become prohibitive.
Explanation:
Rhibozium is the bacteria which play an important role in mainting the balance of nitrogen gas in atmosphere. ...