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Ans.11 In a series circuit, the sum of the voltages consumed by each individual resistance is equal to the source voltage. ... In a parallel circuit, the voltage across each of the components is the same, and the total current is the sum of the currents flowing through each component.
Ans.12 If the bulb broke, that part of the circuit would become open, meaning the circuit(s) in parallel would simple get increased in current (maybe even resulting in blowing that bulb up) if it is not properly regulated. ... So in parallel circuits, although voltage is the same, the current received by light bulbs is divided.
Ans.14 Parallel connections have the advantage that any load plugged in gets a predictable voltage, and the current through the load depends only on that one load. The disadvantage is that parallel wiring is usually lower voltage for safety, but this requires more wire, and a bigger cross sectional area of copper wire.