plese tell me the conventional method of agriculture
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Conventional farming, also known as industrial agriculture, refers to farming systems which include the use of synthetic chemical fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides and other continual inputs, genetically modified organisms, Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations, heavy irrigation, intensive tillage, or concentrated monoculture production.
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I. Introduction
Farming has enabled human populations to dominate the world’s landscapes for many thousands of years. The science of agriculture has been refined and perfected over time to accommodate for the ever-increasing human population. Until recent centuries, productive crops were mostly organic and existed with some permanence as part of a landscape. As communities grow though, less and less land is available for food production and existing crops become easily exhausted. Food insecurity caused by rapid population growth has pressured science to step in and produce many synthetic chemicals and gene manipulation techniques to maximize the potential of plants. In addition, agricultural production has increased tremendously worldwide over the last century. Coupled with this growth however is the pollution and degradation of the natural environment. Many agricultural techniques exist today, but in an effort to adjust to the exponential trends of our population without compromising the integrity of the environment it is necessary to have a global transition towards sustainable farming. With the current population at seven billion and rising, an important question must be addressed: What is the most sustainable and cost effective way to feed the world’s population? Fortunately humans have been perfecting agricultural methods for thousands of years, which can help to answer this question.
This paper will analyze and compare two types of farming, organic and conventional. In a comparison of agriculture, my goal is to assess the impact and performance of each practice and then identify the best method for growing crops. Although there are many types of agricultural practices, they can be generalized as sustainable or conventional based on the techniques used. Sustainable / organic farming aims to produce a number of crops, without the use of synthetic chemicals or fertilizers, while enhancing soil composition and promoting biodiversity. This is a traditional, more permanent type of farming that relies on ecosystem services to maintain the integrity of the landscape while still producing sufficient yields. Conventional farming uses synthetic chemicals and fertilizers to maximize the yield of a particular crop or set of crops, which are typically genetically modified. This method requires a significant amount of chemical and energy input and weakens the ecology of a landscape. In a comparative analysis of these two techniques, it is important to highlight the fact that the crops studied differed in soil composition, geography, and rotation systems. “To carry on extensive long-term trials for a number of crops in several different geographical areas would be of fundamental importance to understand the potential of organic farming as well as to improve farming techniques in general.” (Gomiero, Pimentel, and Paoletti 2011). Due to the many different factors determining crop health and productivity, there is a need for much more extensive research on the subject. Therefore, my goal in writing this paper was to use reliable, long-term research that made specific assessments of the two generalized types of farming and then compare the results.
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