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- An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance. There are about 100 elements, each with its own type of atom. Everything in the universe contains the atoms of at least one or more elements. Some elements are non-metals. Types of element-Elements can be classified as metals, metalloids, and nonmetals, or as a main-group elements, transition metals, and inner transition metals. British chemist John Newlands was the first to arrange the elements into a periodic table with increasing order of atomic masses. He found that every eight elements had similar properties and called this the law of octaves. He arranged the elements in eight groups but left no gaps for undiscovered elements.
- Properties of metals:
- high melting points.
- good conductors of electricity.
- good conductors of heat.
- high density.
- malleable.
- ductile.
3.Physical Properties Of Nonmetals:
- Nonmetals cannot be hammered into thin sheets.
- Nonmetals are not ductile.
- Nonmetals are a poor conductor of heat and electricity.
- Nonmetals are not lustrous which means they are not shiny.
- Nonmetals have low tensile strength.
- Nonmetals are not sonorous.
- Nonmetals are soft.
4.an element (e.g. arsenic, antimony, or tin) whose properties are intermediate between those of metals and solid non-metals or semiconductors. The six commonly recognized metalloids are boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium. Five elements are less frequently so classified: carbon, aluminium, selenium, polonium, and astatine.
5.Chemical compound, any substance composed of identical molecules consisting of atoms of two or more chemical elements.water (H2O), salt (sodium chloride, NaCl), methane (CH4).
6. Difference between Compound and Mixture : Compounds are formed because of chemical bonding between two elements. Mixtures are formed when substances are physically mixed with one another. Compounds are basically of three kinds : Ionic, metallic and covalent.
7.Compounds are substances made from atoms of different elements joined by chemical bonds. They can only be separated by a chemical reaction. A mixture is made by simply mixing together elements and compounds. No new chemical bonds are formed.
8. Physical nature of matter : Matter is made up of particles. The particles of matter are constantly moving (they are in motion).The particles which make up matter are atoms and molecules. Chemical nature of matter : The change of one type of matter into another type (or the inability to change) is a chemical property. Examples of chemical properties include flammability, toxicity, acidity, reactivity (many types), and heat of combustion.
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