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Answers
1. Soap molecule form a micelle around dirt whose outer part are directed towards water. On adding excess water the dirt is washed away along with the soap molecules
2.Addition reaction: In addition reaction unsaturated hydrocarbon add hydrogen in the presence of catalyst such as palladium or nickel to give saturated hydrocarbon
Substitution reaction: In substition reaction one type of atom or group of atom takes the place of another
Esterification: Esters is most commonly form by reaction of an acid and an alcohol
Saponification: On treating esters with sodium hydroxide the esters is converted back into alcohol and sodium salt.
3. The hydrocarbons which have a single bond between carbon atoms are known as saturated hydrocarbons. for example: Ethane (CH₃ bond CH₃). Whereas, unsaturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons which have double or triple bond between carbon atoms. For example (CH₂ = CH₂) or (CH≡CH)