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Magnesium chloride (MgCl₂) is formed by the ionic bond formed between magnesium and chlorine atoms.
The electronic configuration of Mg is 2,8,2. Hence, magnesium needs to loose 2 electrons to become stable. Electronic configuration of chlorine is 2,8,7. Hence, chlorine needs to gain 1 electron to become stable.
Therefore, during the formation of the ionic bond, a single magnesium atom loses two electrons. On the other hand, two chlorine atoms gain one electron each.
Hence, magnesium atom becomes cation (positively charged ion) and each chlorine atoms become anions (negatively charged ion).
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