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Monohybrid Cross Definition
A monohybrid cross is a genetic mix between two individuals who have homozygous genotypes, or genotypes that have completely dominant or completely recessive alleles, which result in opposite phenotypes for a certain genetic trait.
Monohybrid crosses are used by geneticists to observe how the offspring of homozygous individuals express the heterozygous genotypes they inherit from their parents. Typically, this mix determines the dominant genotype.
A monohybrid cross can also signify a genetic mix between two individuals who have heterozygous genotypes. These crosses confirm the dominance of an allele
Examples of Monohybrid Cross
Gregor Mendel’s Peas
Although he did not know it at the time, Gregor Mendel used monohybrid crosses to identify dominant and recessive traits in his landmark experiments with peas.
Gregor Mendel focused on several different genetic traits, but we will focus on one: stem length. Imagine that two types of pea plants grow in a garden. One type of pea plant has long stems, while the other has short stems. For the sake of this example, assume that both types of pea plant have a homozygous genotype (LL and ll), and that long stems (LL) are dominant over short stems (ll).
A monohybrid cross, or breeding a long-stemmed pea plant with a short-stemmed pea plant, allows scientists, like Gregor Mendel, to determine the dominance of long stems or short stems. A monohybrid cross also permits scientists to evaluate how heterozygous offspring express the genes they inherit.
As mentioned before, breeding a long-stemmed pea plant with a short-stemmed pea plant creates offspring that all have a heterozygous genotype (Ll). As long stems are dominant, all offspring will have the long-stemmed phenotype. In different terms, and as modeled by Gregor Mendel’s classic pea example observing the offspring of a monohybrid cross allows for determination of dominant genotypes and, by extension, dominant phenotypes.