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Answer:
1. Refraction is the change in direction of a wave passing from one medium to another or from a gradual change in the medium. Refraction of light is the most commonly observed phenomenon, but other waves such as sound waves and water waves also experience refraction.
2. In optics, the refractive index of a material is a dimensionless number that describes how fast light travels through the material. It is defined as n={\frac {c}{v}}, where c is the speed of light in vacuum and v is the phase velocity of light in the medium.
3. Unit of refractive index will be the ratio of the unit of speed of light in vacuum(c) to the speed of light in the given medium(v). As you can see, the unit of refractive is 1, which means the refractive index is just a number without any unit.
4. Refractive Index of a medium depends upon the refractive index of the surroundings, optical density ,wavelength of the light and temperature.
5. Angle of Incidence is the angle which an incident line or ray makes with a perpendicular to the surface at the point of incidence.
6. If the incident ray is on the same path as the normal to the surface, the angle of incidence will be zero. Therefore, the angle of incidence when light incident ray is along the normal to interface or boundary separating the two media is i=0 where i is the angle of incidence.
7. Lens is a curved piece of glass that makes things look bigger, clearer, etc. when you look through it.
8. A concave lens is a lens that possesses at least one surface that curves inwards. It is a diverging lens, meaning that it spreads out light rays that have been refracted through it. A concave lens is thinner at its centre than at its edges, and is used to correct short-sightedness .
9. A concave lens have a virtual focus because the rays diverges outside and seems to meet virtually at focus.
10. Concave lens always form virtual, erect and diminished image.
11. it's a concave lens
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