Question

Pls tell how is soil formed for 5 marks
class 9 ch 14-natural resources

Answer 1

Answer:

Soil is formed by breaking down of rocks at or near the surface of the Earth through various physical, chemical, and biological processes by various factors such as the sun, water, wind, and living organisms. ... These cracks lead to the breaking up of huge rocks into smaller pieces.

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Answer 2

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The early phase of soil formation starts by disintegrating the rock under the influence of climate. Rainwater will dissolve rock elements, temperature fluctuations will cause cracks and fissures in the rocks. Freezing and thawing of water captured in the rock will widen existing cracks and cavities. Pioneer vegetation, at first lichens, will settle and their roots will further loosen the rock. Moreover, decaying plant debris will produce organic acids, which further disintegrates the rock. Organic matter will start to accumulate and be mixed with the mineral material provided by the rock.

Over time, rock minerals will be dissolved or transformed. Elements released from the rock will precipitate and new minerals may be formed. For example, iron will be oxidized and precipitate as iron oxides or hydroxides, giving the soil reddish or yellowish-brownish colours. Soil fauna will settle and mix (‘homogenize’) the soil. The soil will grow in depth through newly formed soil material at the bottom. The soil matures.