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Answers
Answer:
Typically, the salinity decreases from the surface ocean to deep waters is very small, from about 36 g/L (ppt) at the surface to 35 g/L (ppt) in the deep water, thus there is a very small density decrease with depth given a constant temperature. The salinity of seawater also affects it's freezing point temperature.
Explanation:
Density is defined as the mass of water per unit volume and has units of grams per cubic centimeter (g /cm3), kilograms per liter (kg/ L) or kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m3). The density of freshwater at 4° C is 1.0000 g/cm3 or 1.000 kg/liter or 1000 kg/m3
Depth vs Temperature
Globally, the entire temperature range for ocean water ranges from ~ -2°C to +40°C, which is much smaller than the temperature range for air, which varies from -60°C to +60°C.
Surface water temperatures vary much more than deep water temperatures. Most of the ocean is warm at the surface and colder at increasing depths. The region where temperature decrease is greatest with depth is called the thermocline. The rate of change of temperature with depth is called the temperature gradient. The steepness of the depth gradient in temperature depends on location.
Salinity Effects
Salt in seawater makes it denser than freshwater. How much salt is in seawater? Typically seawater contains between 33 to 37 grams of salt per liter of seawater, although the extremes of salinity can range from 28 to 40 g/L. Oceanographers measure salinity in parts per thousand (ppt), thus typical seawater is between 33 to 37 ppt.
To make seawater, start with freshwater and add 35 grams of salt to one liter (1 kg) of this freshwater (35 grams per 1000 grams). This resulting seawater is denser than freshwater because of added mass of dissolved salt.