Question

plss explain the refraction of light from the sun in the atomsphere

Answer 1

When the light of a celestial object enters the Earth's atmosphere from space, the resulting refraction is known as astronomical refraction or atmospheric refraction. This is in contrast to terrestrial refraction that occurs when the source of light is from an object on Earth

Answer 2

One of mother nature's favorite magic tricks, refraction is the bending of light as it moves from one substance to another. It is responsible for a variety of optical phenomena including rainbows, mirages, halos, and sundogs. It is also the reason why stars twinkle at night, your diamond ring sparkles, a straw or pencil in water looks bent, and the Sun can be seen even when it is below the horizon.

How much a light wave bends depends on its wavelength, the density of the substance it is moving into, and the angle at which it hits the edge of the substance. When light moves from a less dense to a more dense substance, like air to water or from a less dense layer of the atmosphere to a denser layer, it bends towards the normal—an imaginary line that is perpendicular to the surface of both media. The opposite occurs when light moves from a more dense to a less dense substance. The angle between the normal and the refracted light ray is known as the angle of refraction.

If light enters a medium from another substance at a 90-degree angle, it does not refract and passes right through.

The density of Earth's atmosphere is uneven—it decreases with increasing altitude. Light from celestial objects, including the Sun, therefore refracts multiple times when it enters the atmosphere from space.