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1.) why do we know more about society under the Shang Dynasty than we do about society in the Indus River Valley?
2.) What role did rivers play in the rise of the Shang Dynasty and the other three ancient civilizations (Mesopotamia, ancient egypt, Indus river valley)?
3.) How was the government in the Shang dynasty similar to and different from that of the Mesopotamian city-states?
4.) Why did the Shang Dynasty rule more land than ancient egypt? explain the influence of each civilizations physical geography
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Answers
Answer:
1) Though 3,000 miles away, the Chinese and Indus Valley are very much alike—in terms of politics and religion. Both civilizations demonstrate a centralized state, but the Chinese centralized state was more prominent than the Indus Valley, due to archeological research. These centralized governments were run by Indian priest kings and the Chinese Zhou dynasty. Because of this, the Indus Valley developed a more religious structure—as opposed to the Chinese belief in honor. In regards to religion, both civilizations pushed polytheism, which is the belief of multiple deities. Chinese religion focuses heavily on the idea of faith in ancestry, while people from the Indus Valley established the idea of reincarnation.
2)The Shang dynasty emerged in the 17th century B.C.E. as the first true Chinese dynasty. Its boundaries are shown in gray. To guard against flooding by the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, the ancient Shang developed complex forms of irrigation and flood control.The civilization of Ancient Mesopotamia grew up along the banks of two great rivers, the Euphrates and the Tigris. In the midst of a vast desert, the peoples of Mesopotamia relied upon these rivers to provide drinking water, agricultural irrigation, and major transportation routes.
3) The Shang had a number of religious practices, one of which was veneration of dead ancestors; Shang people made sacrifices to and asked questions of their ancestors.
Ancient Chinese nobles sought to tell the future by writing on bone fragments or pieces of turtle shell and throwing those bones into a fire; the fortune seekers saw messages about the future in the cracks that formed.
Shang dynasty craftspeople mastered bronze, an alloy of copper and tin; bronze weapons gave Shang foot soldiers and charioteers a tactical advantage in combat.
Mesopotamia is the ancient Greek name (meaning “the land between two rivers”, the Tigris and Euphrates) for the region corresponding to modern-day Iraq and parts of Iran, Syria, and Turkey. It is considered the “cradle of civilization” for the many inventions and innovations which first appeared there. Mesopotamia is the name of an ancient region which means the land between two rivers. Mesopotamia made up most of what is today Iraq, and is considered to be the first civilization. The Mesopotamian culture also developed the first written language, religion, and agriculture.
4) Egypt won this one because they had a better overall location. While the Shang had the yellow river and were mostly seperated from other civilizations Egypt had the Nile River which is the worlds longest river, and each year it would flood and make the land extremely fertile.
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