Question

plssssssss answer it​

Answer 1

Answer:

Cells have three major types of molecules (with plenty of exceptions and special cases which you can needle me about in the comments if you'd like) in which the vast majority of genetic information is stored: DNA, RNA, and protein. The central dogma is a simple statement of how genetic information can be transferred amongst those groups of molecules.

In its simplest form, the central dogma states that "DNA makes RNA and RNA makes protein." While it raises my persnickety scientist hackles a bit, it's true enough for people who don't spend very much time thinking about how information is moving around in cells.

As is to be expected whenever a simplifying statement is being made, the actual truth is considerably more complicated. The largest omissions of the "simple" statement of the central dogma are that 1) DNA and RNA are templates for other processes, as opposed to active players and 2) the flow of genetic information in cells can be and often is reversed.

Both DNA and RNA are linear, directional molecules composed of many copies of four different nucleotides. The key property of nucleotides that enable them to store information is that they specifically and exclusively pair off with one another -- called base-pairing. So, if a cell wants to "read" or copy the information contained in a molecule of DNA or RNA, it needs to hold that molecule in such a fashion that complementary nucleotides can interact with it.

This is essentially what all of the major flows of genetic information in a cell are -- a molecule of nucleic acid being held in an accessible way by an enzyme so that the "right" nucleotides can interact with it. Replication is a molecule of DNA being "held" by an enzyme that uses it to make the complementary strand of DNA; transcription is a molecule of DNA held open to make RNA; translation is a molecule of RNA held by an enzyme to be read by more RNAs that make protein.

All of the genetic information flows in a cell are driven by base-pairing -- which is why it's not surprising that RNA can be used as a template to make more RNA as well as DNA. These are parts of the central dogma that often go untaught, but they're common occurrences in nature.