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3)
a - There were two main systems of indigo cultivation – NIJ and Ryoti. Within the system of NIJ cultivation, the planter produced indigo in lands that he directly controlled.
b - Bengal artisans were deserting villages because they were being pressurized to sell their goods to the Company at low prices.
c - Holt Mackenzie was a britisher who started the mahalwari system in north- western provinces of Bengal presidency in 1822. for this new revenue system, the land was inspected and measured to estimate the revenue of each plot. finally the revenue of each plot was added to decide the revenue of each mahal (village).
The mahalwari system of land revenue was introduced by Holt Mackenzie and Robert Merttins Bird. It played a large part in making the system more flexible. The process of preparing estimates of produce and rents was simplified too. It also introduced the fixation of the average rents for different classes of soil.